Geography

Topographic map

Cartogram

Choropleth map

Eastings

Environmental changes

Ecotourism

On a topographic map, closer contour lines indicate steeper terrain, as the contour intervals represent smaller changes in elevation over a shorter horizontal distance. This allows the map reader to visualize the side view and slope of the landscape.

Human-centered worldviews, such as egocentric (self-centered) and anthropocentric (human-centered) perspectives, tend to prioritize human interests and needs over the preservation of the natural environment. In contrast, earth-centered worldviews, such as ecocentric (biodiversity preservation) and biocentric (sustainable resource use) approaches, focus on the intrinsic value of the environment and the need to protect it for its own sake, rather than solely for human benefit. These differing perspectives can lead to vastly different approaches to environmental protection and resource management, with human-centered views potentially justifying the exploitation of natural resources, while earth-centered views would emphasize the need for sustainable practices and the preservation of biodiversity.

AR (Australian Rectified) maps use 4-digit grid references, while GR (General Reference) maps use 6-digit grid references. The 4-digit grid references on AR maps provide a coarser level of detail, allowing for the identification of larger geographic areas, while the 6-digit grid references on GR maps offer a more precise location, enabling the identification of smaller, specific features. The choice of map type and grid reference system can have practical implications for users, depending on the level of detail required for their particular needs, such as navigation, resource management, or emergency response.

A cartogram is a type of map that distorts the size of land areas to reflect the magnitude of a particular data set, rather than accurately representing the true geographic size. This allows for effective visualization of the relationship between the size of land and the size of data, making it useful for making comparisons between different datasets. The advantage of a cartogram is its ability to highlight patterns and relationships that might not be as apparent on a traditional map, but the distortion of land sizes can also make it less suitable for tasks requiring accurate geographic information, such as navigation or resource management.

Latitude and longitude are the coordinate system used to describe the location of geographic features on a map. Latitude lines run east-west around the Earth, while longitude lines run north-south. By specifying a location's latitude (north-south position) and longitude (east-west position), users can precisely identify the location of a feature on a map. This coordinate system has practical applications in a wide range of contexts, such as navigation, resource management, emergency response, and scientific research, as it provides a standardized way to communicate and locate geographic information.

Human activities, such as deforestation and urbanization, have led to significant environmental changes that have impacted the Earth's systems that support life. Deforestation has resulted in the loss of natural habitats and biodiversity, while urbanization has led to the expansion of built environments and the alteration of land, atmosphere, and water resources. These changes have disrupted the delicate balance of the Earth's ecosystems, affecting the availability and quality of resources, the climate, and the overall health of the planet. The impact of these environmental changes on the land, atmosphere, and water has far-reaching consequences for the survival and well-being of humans, plants, and animals.