Types of Lamps and Lighting
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Questions and Answers

Which type of incandescent lamp bulb has a hemispherical silver bowl opposite the base?

  • A R63 Bulb (correct)
  • ER Bulb
  • G Bulb
  • S Bulb

    • What is a disadvantage of incandescent lamps?

  • They are cheaper
  • They have an instant start and restart
  • They have good color
  • They produce more heat than light (correct)

    • For what type of usage are incandescent lamps suitable due to their energy characteristics?

  • Infrequent or short-duration usage (correct)
  • High-energy efficiency setups
  • High-cost lighting
  • Continuous long-duration usage

    • What is an advantage of incandescent lamps?

    <p>Simple and compact installation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas can be used in tungsten-halogen lamps under high-temperature conditions?

    <p>Bromine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bulb is globe-shaped for low-brightness exposed use?

    <p>G Bulb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'R' stand for in soft glass floodlights?

    <p>Reflector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary use for a J Type bulb?

    <p>Security lighting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material is used for PAR floodlights to make them weather resistant?

    <p>Aluminized reflector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of halogen bulb should not come in contact with bare skin due to potential damage to the bulb?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For what purpose is the JDR type commonly used?

    <p>Track lighting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes G9 JCD bulbs from other sizes?

    <p>They use loops instead of pins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the JDD type bulb surrounded by glass?

    <p>To protect the filament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which types of floodlights are indoor use only?

    <p>Soft glass types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an MR bulb primarily used for?

    <p>Flood lights and projectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is commonly found in a PL Lamp?

    <p>Argon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluorescent bulb shape is described as doughnut-shaped?

    <p>Circline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fluorescent lamp requires a starter for operation?

    <p>Pre-heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance inside a PL Lamp emits ultraviolet light when excited?

    <p>Phosphor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Instant-start lamps from Pre-heat lamps?

    <p>They use a high-voltage pulse to start</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a standard diameter for a fluorescent bulb?

    <p>2 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ballast in fluorescent lamps?

    <p>To regulate the flow of power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lamp has the capability to be electrically dimmed or flashed?

    <p>Rapid Start</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which auxiliary equipment is required for the operation of some fluorescent tubes?

    <p>Automatic Switch or Starter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of compact fluorescent lamp is designed to closely mimic the appearance of an incandescent bulb?

    <p>Incandescent Shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of compact fluorescent lamp is most suitable for fixtures that require a long and narrow light bulb?

    <p>Tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose does the ballast serve in fluorescent light sources?

    <p>Provides initial high voltage and limits current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of instant-start fluorescent lamps?

    <p>They start without preheating electrodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compact fluorescent lamp is most often used for decorative purposes such as in bathroom vanity fixtures?

    <p>Globe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an attribute of rapid-start lamps?

    <p>Can be dimmed electrically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the filament in an incandescent lamp?

    <p>To emit light when heated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bulb is standard for general-service incandescent lamps?

    <p>A Bulb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents the filament in an incandescent lamp from being destroyed by oxidation?

    <p>The glass enclosure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bulb type is suitable for decorative purposes in low-wattage applications?

    <p>CA Bulb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the lamp base in an incandescent lamp?

    <p>To connect to a holder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bulb types contain an internal reflector to direct light?

    <p>R Bulb and PAR Bulb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bulb type is cone-shaped for low-wattage general-service incandescent lamps?

    <p>B Bulb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of an incandescent lamp is primarily responsible for producing light?

    <p>Filament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lamp primarily contains mercury vapor in a sealed, clear or phosphor-coated, tubular, quartz arc tube?

    <p>Mercury Vapor Lamps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lamp is ideal for both indoor and outdoor lighting applications?

    <p>Metal Halide Lamps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What materials are typically added to the arc tube of metal halide lamps to act as phosphors?

    <p>Sodium and Thallium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lamp is primarily used in limited industrial areas, manufacturing plants, and warehouses?

    <p>Mercury Vapor Lamps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In metal halide lamps, which rare earth halides can be found that emit light when excited by the discharge current?

    <p>Thallium and Indium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material is the arc tube of High Pressure Sodium Lamps made of?

    <p>High-density polycrystalline alumina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lighting technology uses Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)?

    <p>Solid State Lighting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a luminaire also called?

    <p>Lighting fixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What device in a luminaire is designed to control the distribution of light emitted by a lamp?

    <p>Reflector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lighting fixture can be raised or lowered by a flexible cord?

    <p>Droplight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a diffuser in a luminaire?

    <p>To filter glare and distribute light over an extended area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of material is commonly used to make a lens in a luminaire?

    <p>Glass or Plastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of light fixture commonly has branched supports for a number of lamps?

    <p>Chandelier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of high-bay lights?

    <p>Illuminating spaces with high ceilings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor defines the light emanating from the object being viewed?

    <p>Brightness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of glare is described as an annoying brightness in the normal field of vision?

    <p>Direct glare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of glare is considered more serious and difficult to control?

    <p>Indirect glare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'diffuseness' refer to in lighting design?

    <p>The control of shadows cast by light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is visual oddities’ primary purpose in lighting?

    <p>To offer aesthetic stimulation and amusement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the intensity of light per unit area?

    <p>Illumination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'electric illumination' specifically refer to?

    <p>Man-made lighting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'quantity of light' refer to in lighting design?

    <p>The amount of illumination or luminous flux per unit area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not considered a factor that affects illumination?

    <p>Air pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms are related to the quality of light in a lighting installation?

    <p>Glare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the unit footcandle measure?

    <p>Illuminance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A luminous flux of a light source is measured in which unit?

    <p>Lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unit is used to measure luminous intensity?

    <p>Candela</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One footcandle is approximately equivalent to how many lux?

    <p>10.764 lux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the SI derived unit 'lux' measure?

    <p>Illuminance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which light source typically provides approximately 3000-10000 footcandles?

    <p>Direct sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which context is the unit 'candela' most appropriately used?

    <p>To measure the luminous power emitted in a specific direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of light fixture is commonly used to bathe a wall in an even stream of light?

    <p>Wall Washers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lighting option is typically freestanding and used to accentuate interiors by sending light upwards?

    <p>Uplights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of light is a flexible and adjustable luminaire that directs light in a controlled beam?

    <p>Spotlights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a prismatic lens in troffer lights?

    <p>To distribute light over a spectrum and a larger surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of light fixture is described as essential for task lighting and provides a concentrated, directional light to a specific area?

    <p>Desk Lamps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of light fixture is typically recessed or semi-recessed into the ceiling to provide directional light in a downward stream?

    <p>Downlights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of light fixture can be used to provide both general and accent lighting and is very popular in both these roles?

    <p>Table Lamps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of light fixture is characterized by a rigid flexible tape with exposed low-voltage light sources?

    <p>Strip Lighting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Lamps

    • Incandescent Lamps: produce light by heating a filament until it incandesces
      • Parts: bulb, filament, lamp base
      • Bulb shapes: A, B, CA, PAR, R, ER, A R63, G, PS, S
      • Advantages: cheap, instant start, simple installation, can be fused
      • Disadvantages: low luminous efficacy, short life, sensitive to voltage and frequency, high maintenance cost
      • Applications: infrequent or short-duration usage, low-cost requirements

    Tungsten-Halogen Lamps

    • Use a halogen gas to extend the life of the filament
    • Types: Floodlights, J, JC, JCD, JDD, JDR
    • Characteristics: high intensity, directional light

    Gaseous Discharge Lamps

    • Fluorescent Lamps: use electricity to excite a gas, which produces light
      • Types: MR, PL, T8, T12, Circline, U-bent
      • Characteristics: long life, low energy consumption, requires ballast
      • Classifications: by shape, by method of tube operation
    • Compact Fluorescent Lamps: designed to fit into incandescent lamp spaces
      • Types: Spiral, Incandescent Shaped, Globe, Tube
      • Characteristics: long life, low energy consumption

    High-Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamps

    • Mercury Vapor Lamps: use mercury vapor to produce light
      • Characteristics: primarily used for industrial areas
    • Metal Halide Lamps: use metal halides to produce light
      • Characteristics: used for both indoor and outdoor lighting
    • High Pressure Sodium Lamps: use high-pressure sodium vapor to produce light
      • Characteristics: newest addition to the HID field

    Solid State Lighting (SSL)

    • Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs): use semiconductors to produce light
      • Characteristics: reduced heat generation, long life, energy-efficient

    Luminaires

    • Reflector: a surface for reflecting light
    • Lens: a transparent material for controlling light distribution
    • Diffuser: a translucent material for filtering glare
    • Louver: a grid type of optical assembly for controlling light distribution

    Families of Light Fixtures

    • Suspended Ceiling Lights: suspended from the ceiling
      • Types: Chandelier, Droplight, Pendant
    • Wall Lights: mounted on the wall
      • Types: Sconce, Wall Washer, Ceiling Light, Downlight
    • Floor Lamps: freestanding lamps
      • Types: Table Lamp, Desk Lamp, Strip Lighting

    Principles of Illumination

    • Brightness: the intensity of light per unit area
    • Contrast: the difference in brightness between an object and its background
    • Glare: excessive luminance ratio in the field of vision
    • Direct Glare: annoying brightness in the normal field of vision
    • Indirect Glare: reflected glare from a glossy surface
    • Diffuseness: the control of shadows cast by light

    Lighting Design

    • A combination of applied art and applied science
    • Factors to consider: quantity of light, brightness, contrast, glare, diffuseness
    • Good design stems from a fusion of knowledge of current technology and years of background experience### Quality of Light
    • Quality of light deals with characteristics of light except quantity
    • Important aspects of quality of light include:
      • Brightness
      • Color
      • Aesthetics
      • Glare
      • Psychological Reaction
      • Economics

    Illumination Planning

    Units of Measurement

    • Foot-candle: non-SI unit of measurement, basic method of measuring light, equivalent to amount of light thrown by a candle on an object at a distance of one foot
    • Lux: SI derived unit of illuminance, measures intensity of light generated by one candle that falls on one square foot of surface from a distance of one meter away
    • Lumen: international unit of luminous flux in the International System of Units (SI), measures total quantity of visible light emitted by a source per unit of time
    • Candela: SI base unit of luminous intensity, measures luminous power emitted by a light source in a particular direction

    Conversion Between Units

    • 1 footcandle = 10.764 lux
    • 1 lux = 0.0929 footcandle

    Light Sources and Their Illuminance

    • Direct sunlight: 32,000-100,000 lux, 3,000-10,000 footcandles
    • Full moon (clear): 1,000-2,500 lux, 100-250 footcandles
    • Living space: 300 lux, 30 footcandles
    • Kitchen space: 538 lux, 50 footcandles
    • Dining: 323 lux, 30 footcandles
    • Living space (task): 1,080 lux, 100 footcandles
    • Desk lighting: 538 lux, 50 footcandles

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    Description

    Learn about the different types of lamps, including filament lamps and incandescent lamps, and how they produce light.

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