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Types of Kidney Stones and Complications Quiz

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Types of Kidney Stones and Complications Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the defining feature of hypospadias?

Narrowing of the urethra
Abnormal opening on the ventral side of the penis (correct)
Difficulty controlling urination
Abnormal opening on the dorsal surface of the penis

Which of the following is the defining feature of epispadias?

Abnormal opening on the ventral side of the penis
Narrowing of the urethra
Abnormal opening on the dorsal surface of the penis (correct)
Difficulty controlling urination

What is the main difference between hypospadias and epispadias in terms of where the urine comes out?

Urine does not come out in either hypospadias or epispadias.
In hypospadias, urine comes out from the dorsal side, while in epispadias it comes out from the ventral side.
There is no difference, the urine comes out the same way in both conditions.
In hypospadias, urine comes out from the ventral side, while in epispadias it comes out from the dorsal side. (correct)

What is the main cause of urethral strictures?

Inflammation and fibrous changes of the corpus spongiosum (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of urethral strictures?

Progressive obstructive voiding symptoms (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of urethral strictures?

Idiopathic (unknown cause) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of urinary incontinence (UI)?

The inability to control the release of urine (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for urinary incontinence?

Obesity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of bilateral hydronephrosis in boys?

Posterior urethral valves (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathophysiology behind stress urinary incontinence?

Sphincter weakness (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical presentation of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in postnatal cases?

Febrile urinary tract infection (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of urinary incontinence is associated with poor bladder emptying?

Overflow incontinence (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of kidney stone is the most common?

Calcium stones (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children or newborns?

Incompetent or inadequate closure of the ureterovesical junction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common presentation of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in newborns?

Presence of hydronephrosis on prenatal ultrasound (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of struvite kidney stones?

Caused by bacteria like Proteus vulgaris (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom of a kidney stone?

Unilateral flank tenderness and colicky pain (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for preventing the recurrence of kidney stones?

Encouraging increased fluid intake (C) Signup and view all the answers