Types of Joints in Human Body
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Questions and Answers

Hinge joints allow movement in multiple planes.

False

Condylar joints, also known as ellipsoidal joints, allow motion in two planes.

True

Pivot joints permit angular motion.

False

The elbow joint is an example of a biaxial joint.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Saddle joints have two concave surfaces that straddle each other.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The atlantoaxial joint is an example of a hinge joint.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The proximal radioulnar joint is a monaxial joint.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sacroiliac joints allow for extensive movement.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Joint structure determines direction and range of movement.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

All synarthrosis joints are movable joints.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sutures are a type of synovial joint.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Amphiarthrosis joints allow for slight movement.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Synovial fluid is primarily responsible for shock absorption in joints.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ball-and-socket joint is classified as a non-axial joint.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lateral flexion is a type of angular motion.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diarthroses joints are completely immobile.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The gomphosis is a type of cartilaginous joint.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Articular cartilages help prevent bones from touching each other.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inversion and eversion are movements associated primarily with the wrist.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fibroblasts are responsible for secreting synovial fluid.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hinge joint allows movement in multiple planes.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Protraction refers to the movement of a body part posteriorly.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ball-and-socket joint allows circumduction and rotation.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A mobile joint can be both strong and stable.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The intervertebral discs are composed of a central annulus fibrosus and an outer nucleus pulposus.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The knee joint is classified as a diarthrosis monoaxial hinge joint.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hip joint is a diarthrosis multiaxial joint that allows only limited movement.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Osteoarthritis is a non-inflammatory degenerative joint disease.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rheumatoid arthritis is a metabolic disorder that results in joint destruction.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ulnar collateral ligament stabilizes the shoulder joint.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The scapula contains the glenoid cavity which forms part of the shoulder joint.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ligamentum flavum connects the spinous processes of the vertebrae.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A bulging intervertebral disc is referred to as a herniated disc.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Menisci in the knee joint are responsible for cushioning and stabilizing the joint.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary function of ligaments is to connect bones to muscles.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fibrous joints permit the most movement compared to synovial joints.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint primarily allows for angular motion in a single plane?

<p>Hinge joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify a joint that permits only rotational movement.

<p>Pivot joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement type and joint classification of the radiocarpal joint?

<p>Biaxial, Condylar joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do saddle joints differ in structure compared to other joint types?

<p>Saddle joints feature two concave surfaces that straddle each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of movement is permitted by intercarpal and intertarsal joints?

<p>Slight nonaxial sliding movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of movement characterizes the action of the knee joint?

<p>Angular motion in a single plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of a biaxial joint and its functionality.

<p>Metacarpophalangeal joint, allows movement in two planes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of joint is angular motion possible along two axes?

<p>Condylar joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint connects bones by dense fibrous connective tissue only found in the skull?

<p>Suture joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint allows for slight movement, such as in the intervertebral discs?

<p>Amphiarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one function of articular cartilages in synovial joints.

<p>Prevent bones from touching</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are bursae and what is their role in joints?

<p>Bursae are pockets of synovial fluid that cushion areas where tendons or ligaments rub.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the movement when the thumb moves toward the fingers.

<p>Opposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of synovial joint allows movement in two planes?

<p>Biaxial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a diarthrosis joint?

<p>It is a freely moveable joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint involves bony fusion and is immobile?

<p>Synostosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does synovial fluid contribute to joint health?

<p>It lubricates the joint, reduces friction, and provides nutrient distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a hinge joint in the human body.

<p>Elbow joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lateral flexion and in which body region does it primarily occur?

<p>Lateral flexion is the bending of the body to the side, primarily in the spine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do ligaments play in joints?

<p>Ligaments connect bones to other bones for stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one type of fibrous joint and describe its movement capacity.

<p>Gomphosis; it is immovable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary motion allowed by the pivot joint?

<p>Rotation around a single axis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structures support the mobility of joints?

<p>Muscles and ligaments support the mobility of joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the shoulder, and what movements does it allow?

<p>The shoulder is a diarthrosis multiaxial ball-and-socket joint that allows angular movement, circumduction, and rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do intervertebral discs contribute to spinal health?

<p>Intervertebral discs separate vertebral bodies and act as shock absorbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during a slipped disc injury?

<p>A slipped disc occurs when there is a bulge in the annulus fibrosus, potentially invading the vertebral canal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the ligaments associated with the elbow joint.

<p>The elbow joint includes the ulnar collateral ligament, radial collateral ligament, and annular ligament.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the acetabular labrum in the hip joint?

<p>The acetabular labrum deepens the socket of the hip joint, helping to stabilize it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are menisci, and what function do they serve in the knee?

<p>Menisci are fibrocartilage pads that cushion and stabilize the knee joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the primary consequence of osteoarthritis on joints.

<p>Osteoarthritis leads to the breakdown of joint cartilage, causing pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes rheumatoid arthritis from other types of arthritis?

<p>Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that results in joint destruction and deformity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the relationship between joint mobility and strength.

<p>Higher mobility in a joint typically corresponds with lower strength and stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the ligaments in the knee contribute to its function?

<p>Knee ligaments stabilize the joint, ensuring proper alignment and movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary components of the vertebral end plate?

<p>The vertebral end plate consists of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers gouty arthritis?

<p>Gouty arthritis is triggered by the formation of uric acid crystals within synovial fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the anterior longitudinal ligament in the spinal column?

<p>The anterior longitudinal ligament connects the anterior bodies of vertebrae, providing spinal stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Support & Movement

  • Movement occurs at joints where two bones connect
  • Joint structure dictates the direction and range of motion possible
  • Joint strength decreases as mobility increases

Articulations (Joints)

  • Joints are locations where bones connect
  • Joint type influences the degree and direction of movement a joint allows.

Classification of Joints

  • Functional Classification:
    • Synarthrosis: immovable joints (e.g., suture in the skull)
    • Amphiarthrosis: slightly movable joints (e.g., symphysis pubis)
    • Diarthrosis: freely movable joints (e.g., synovial joints)
  • Structural Classification:
    • Bony: bones fused together (e.g., metopic suture)
    • Fibrous: connected by fibrous connective tissue (e.g., sutures in the skull)
    • Cartilaginous: connected by cartilage (e.g., synchondroses)
    • Synovial: contains a synovial cavity (e.g., shoulder, knee)

Synarthrosis

  • Immovable joints
  • Very strong
  • Edges of bones may touch or interlock
  • Types:
    • Suture (fibrous): interlocking bones bound by dense fibrous connective tissue (only in the skull)
    • Gomphosis (fibrous): binds teeth to sockets with fibrous connective tissue
    • Synchondrosis (cartilaginous): rigid cartilaginous bridge between bones (e.g., epiphyseal cartilage, between ribs and sternum)
    • Synostosis (bony): fused bones (e.g., metopic suture in the skull, epiphyseal lines in adults)

Amphiarthrosis

  • Slightly movable joints
  • Types:
    • Syndesmosis: bones connected by ligaments (e.g., superior and inferior tibiofibular joints)
    • Symphysis: bones connected by fibrocartilage (e.g., intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis)

Diarthroses (Synovial Joints)

  • Freely movable joints
  • Found at ends of long bones
  • Components:
    • Joint capsule
    • Synovial membrane
    • Articular cartilage
    • Synovial fluid (lubricates the joint)
  • Accessory Structures:
    • Menisci (cartilages) cushion the joint.
    • Fat pads, superficial to the joint capsule
    • Ligaments, support and strength
    • Tendons, attach to muscles around the joint
    • Bursae (fluid-filled pockets) cushion areas where tendons or ligaments rub

Dynamic Motions

  • Types:
    • Linear motion (gliding)
    • Angular motion
    • Circumduction
    • Rotation
  • Terms of movements describe: Plane or direction of motion, and relationships between structures.

Flexion and Extension, Dorsiflexion & Plantar Flexion, Adduction & Abduction, Circumduction, Rotation, Inversion & Eversion, Mandibular Movements, Opposition

  • These are examples of specific types of movement at joints

Intervertebral Articulations

  • Vertebral column articulations:
  • C2 to L5 vertebrae have synovial joints (diarthroses) between superior and inferior articular processes
  • Adjacent vertebral bodies are connected by amphiarthrosis joints (symphyses) via intervertebral discs

Intervertebral Discs

  • Pad of fibrocartilage separating vertebral bodies
  • Structure:
    • Annulus fibrosus: tough outer layer connecting the disc to the vertebrae
    • Nucleus pulposus: elastic, gelatinous core absorbing shocks

Damage to Intervertebral Discs

  • Slipped disc: bulge in the annulus fibrosus, may invade the vertebral canal
  • Herniated disc: nucleus pulposus breaks through the annulus fibrosus, puts pressure on spinal cord or nerves

Intervertebral Ligaments

  • Stabilize the vertebral column
  • Several ligaments bind vertebrae together

Shoulder Joint

  • Multiaxial ball-and-socket synovial joint
  • Highest mobility, least stability
  • Between head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula

Elbow Joint

  • Monoaxial hinge synovial joint
  • Between humerus, radius, and ulna
  • Stable joint

Hip (coxal) Joint

  • Multiaxial ball-and-socket synovial joint.
  • Between head of femur and acetabulum of hip bone.
  • Strong joint with wide range of motion.

Knee Joint

  • Monoaxial hinge synovial joint.
  • Complicated joint transferring weight from femur to tibia.
  • Articulations:
    • 2 femur-tibia articulations at medial and lateral condyles
    • 1 between patella and patellar surface of femur

Menisci of the Knee

  • Medial and lateral fibrocartilage pads cushion and stabilize joint.

Ligaments of the Knee

  • Several ligaments help stabilize the knee joint

Common Clinical Problems

  • Joint Injuries:
    • Dislocation (luxation): articulating surfaces forced out of position
    • Subluxation: partial dislocation
  • Rheumatism: non-specific term for pain and stiffness of skeletal and muscular systems
  • Arthralgia: pain in one or more joints
  • Arthritis: Inflammation of a joint
    • Causes infectious, autoimmune, metabolic
    • Examples rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis
  • Osteoarthritis: Non-inflammatory degenerative joint disease
    • Pathology: cartilage breakdown allowing bones to rub together

Factors Affecting Bone Strength

  • Age
  • Physical stress
  • Hormone levels
  • Calcium and phosphorus uptake and excretion
  • Genetic and environmental factors

Effect of Aging on Skeletal System

  • Decreased bone mass
  • Bones weaken
  • Increased risk of fractures and dislocations
  • Degeneration of articular surfaces

Integration of Skeletal System with Other Systems

  • The skeletal system supports and protects other systems.
  • Stores minerals needed for other systems.
  • Provides blood cell production.

Effects of Disorders on Skeletal System

  • Disorders in other body systems can cause bone tumors, osteoporosis, arthritis, and demineralization

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Description

This quiz covers various types of joints in the human body, including hinge, condylar, pivot, saddle, and more. Test your knowledge on their functions, examples, and movement abilities. Ideal for students studying anatomy or physiology.

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