Types of Immune Response: Hypersensitivity

An overreaction of the immune system to a harmless antigen, leading to damage and inflammation. This occurs when the balance between the body's immune response and regulation is disrupted.

A type of hypersensitivity reaction that involves the immediate release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells, causing symptoms like itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing. It is triggered by the binding of IgE antibodies to mast cells.

Also known as allergy, a type of immune response that involves antigen-specific IgE antibodies.

A genetic predisposition to developing allergic reactions, characterized by high levels of IgE in the blood and increased TH2 lymphocytes.

A condition where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues and cells, often leading to chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases.

A state in which the immune system is weakened or compromised, making the body more susceptible to infections.

A type of hypersensitivity reaction that involves the destruction of cells by antibodies and complement. The antibodies bind to antigens on the surface of cells, leading to cell lysis.

Antibodies bind to antigens on cell surfaces or in the extracellular matrix, causing cell destruction, inflammation, or interference with normal functions.

Antigens that trigger this reaction can be from outside the body (like bacteria or drugs) or from within the body (in autoimmune diseases).

Antibodies of the IgG and IgM classes mainly mediate this response.

These cells work together to destroy target cells and trigger inflammatory responses.

This process can be triggered by antibody binding to cell surface antigens, leading to cell lysis or functional impairment.

Type of hypersensitivity reaction that involves the immediate release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells.

Immunoglobulin E (IgE), which is dependent on stimulation from Th2 helper cells.

Substances released by mast cells and basophils, such as histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and platelet-activating factors, that cause the symptoms of Type I hypersensitivity.

The early phase in type I hypersensitivity reaction, occurring 5-30 minutes after exposure to an allergen. It's marked by the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and the rapid onset of symptoms.

The late phase of Type I hypersensitivity reaction, developing 4-12 hours after the early phase. It involves the recruitment of eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, and can cause further tissue damage.

A severe and life-threatening allergic reaction characterized by a rapid drop in blood pressure, airway constriction, and difficulty breathing.

The binding of allergen to IgE antibodies on mast cells, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators and the development of symptoms.

A predisposition to developing allergic reactions, often associated with high levels of IgE in the blood.