Immunology Hypersensitivity Reactions Quiz
44 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary type of antibodies involved in Type II immune reactions?

  • IgE
  • IgD
  • IgG and IgM (correct)
  • IgA

    • How do cytotoxic reactions in Type II immune responses typically cause harm?

  • By lysing cells directly (correct)
  • By increasing antibody production
  • By producing inflammatory cytokines
  • By promoting phagocytosis without cell lysis

    • Which condition is an example of a normal cytotoxic reaction in Type II?

  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Alzheimer's disease
  • Hemolytic disease of the newborn (correct)

    • Which type of complement activation is necessary for complement-dependent destruction of target cells?

    <p>Requires the activation of complement proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of complement proteins in the immune response?

    <p>They are made in the liver and trigger lysis of target cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity is primarily associated with allergies?

    <p>Type I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity is mediated by T cells?

    <p>Type IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antigens are involved in Type II hypersensitivity?

    <p>Non-soluble antigens on cell surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a feature of Type III hypersensitivity?

    <p>Involves immune complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common selected example of Type IV hypersensitivity?

    <p>Delayed-type allergy test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antibodies in complement dependent cytolysis?

    <p>To activate complement proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity is characterized as having no association with autoimmunity?

    <p>Type I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which outcome is directly caused by the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC)?

    <p>Cell lysis and pore formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes complement independent cytolysis?

    <p>Binding of antibodies to cell surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity can result from exposure to drugs?

    <p>Type I, II, III, and IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which autoimmune disorder does receptor inactivation occur due to antibody interaction?

    <p>Myasthenia gravis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemolytic disease of the newborn is an example of which hypersensitivity type?

    <p>Type II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of antibodies binding to self cell surface receptors?

    <p>Receptor inactivation or overactivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the blood type characterized as a universal donor?

    <p>O-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood type is identified as a universal recipient?

    <p>AB+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood type is most common among the general population?

    <p>A+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes hemolytic transfusion reactions?

    <p>Blood incompatibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome if a mother who is Rh- has been sensitized and is pregnant with an Rh+ baby?

    <p>The fetus may experience severe anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with a hemolytic transfusion reaction?

    <p>Jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may result from a buildup of bilirubin due to red blood cell lysis in a newborn?

    <p>Severe jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Rh factor incompatibility affect subsequent pregnancies if the mother has been sensitized?

    <p>It can lead to fetal red blood cell lysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one method to prevent a Rh- woman from being sensitized to the Rh factor during pregnancy?

    <p>Using Rh(D) immunoglobulins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characterizes Type III hypersensitivities?

    <p>Formation of immune complexes in tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immune response can result from excessive antigen-antibody complexes in Type III hypersensitivity?

    <p>Inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune condition is associated with the production of antibodies against DNA and ribosomes?

    <p>Systemic lupus erythematosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Joint pain and severe arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication may arise from untreated streptococcal infections related to Type III hypersensitivity?

    <p>Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of leukocytes releasing cytokines during Type III hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>Promotes inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the immune responses that involve antivenoms in Type III hypersensitivity?

    <p>Neutralizing antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk associated with the use of antivenom and antitoxins?

    <p>Serum sickness due to immune system response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes type IV hypersensitivity disorders?

    <p>Mediated by T cells and result in delayed hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following autoimmune disorders involves T cells attacking insulin-producing cells in the pancreas?

    <p>Type I diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reaction observed in serum sickness following antitoxin treatment?

    <p>Joint ache and rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for monoclonal antibodies that may lead to serum sickness?

    <p>Generating immune complexes that lodge in tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In graft versus host disease (GVHD), which cells are primarily responsible for rejecting transplanted tissue?

    <p>T cytotoxic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is marked by T cell-mediated attack on the thyroid gland, resulting in hypothyroidism?

    <p>Hashimoto thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the hypersensitivity reaction in contact dermatitis from substances like poison ivy?

    <p>Haptens that modify skin proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of the tuberculin skin test?

    <p>To determine exposure to tuberculosis antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical time frame for symptoms to develop in delayed hypersensitivity reactions associated with type IV hypersensitivity?

    <p>12-72 hours after exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Immune System Disorders

    • Primary Immunodeficiency: A genetic condition where the immune system doesn't function properly, leading to increased susceptibility to infections.
    • Primary Deficiency Causes: Inherited errors in immune cell development or function.
      • Can be treatable but also fatal.
      • Not inherited in all forms, some cases arise from spontaneous mutations or innate reasons.
      • Can involve 50% of B cells and 30% of T cells being affected.
    • Types of Primary Immunodeficiencies: Includes Humoral and Cellular deficiencies.
      • Humoral Deficiencies: Problems with B cells (antibodies). Antibody deficiencies.
      • Cellular Deficiencies: Problems with T cells. Absence or low count of T cells.
      • Combined Deficiencies (SCID): Deficiencies in both B and T cells.
    • Signs and Symptoms: Patients often present with recurrent, severe, unusual, and persistent infections.
    • Treatment Options: Bone marrow transplant, cytokine therapy, stem cell transplants.
    • Secondary Immunodeficiency: A decline in a previously functional immune system.
    • Secondary Immunodeficiency Factors:
      • Infections (e.g., HIV, Epstein-Barr virus).
      • Medical conditions (e.g., cancer treatment).
      • Medications (e.g., immunosuppressants).
      • Lifestyle factors (e.g., malnutrition).
      • Age.
    • Acquired Immunodeficiency: A subtype of secondary immunodeficiency.
    • HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus): Infection that destroys T helper cells and can lead to AIDS.
    • AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome): Advanced stage of HIV infection characterized by a severely weakened immune system.

    Autoimmune System Disorders

    • Autoimmunity: The body's immune system attacks its own healthy tissues.
    • Autoimmune Disorders: Chronic conditions arising from damage to self-tissues from the body's immune system.
    • Systemic Autoimmune Disorders: Affect multiple organs.
    • Localized Autoimmune Disorders: Affect a focused organ or tissue group.
    • Etiology: Potential causes include exposure to specific infectious agents or genetics.
      • Superantigens: trigger an immune response that negatively affects the body.
      • Self-antigen presentation: problematic immune response to body's own tissues.
    • Examples of Systemic Disorders: Systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis.
    • Examples of Localized Disorders: Rheumatoid arthritis, type I diabetes, Graves' disease.

    Hypersensitivity

    • Hypersensitivity: An inappropriate or excessive immune response to an antigen.
      • Type I hypersensitivity (allergic reactions).
      • Type II hypersensitivity (cytotoxic reactions).
      • Type III hypersensitivity (immune complex reactions).
      • Type IV hypersensitivity (delayed hypersensitivity).
    • Type I Hypersensitivity: Allergic reactions, mediated by IgE antibodies and mast cells. Common in allergies like asthma and eczema.
    • Type II Hypersensitivity: Antibodies attacking cell surfaces. Examples include blood transfusion reactions.
    • Type III Hypersensitivity: Immune complexes forming and damaging tissues. Examples include systemic lupus erythematosus.
    • Type IV Hypersensitivity: T cell-mediated immune response, delayed. Examples include contact dermatitis from poison ivy.

    Additional Topics

    • Immunodeficiency and Cancer: Immunodeficiencies can increase the risk of cancer due to a failure of the immune system to eliminate abnormal cells.
    • Transplant Patients: Immunosuppressant drugs used in transplant recipients can increase their risk of cancer.
    • Immunotherapies: Treatment approaches aimed at boosting immune defenses to fight cancer and immune system problems.
    • Anaphylaxis: Serious, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.
    • Diagnosis of allergies: Skin and blood tests used to assess allergies and sensitivities.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Immune System Disorders PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the various types of hypersensitivity reactions in immunology, including Type II immune reactions and their mechanisms. This quiz covers the roles of antibodies, complement activation, and specific conditions related to hypersensitivity. Perfect for students studying immunology or related fields.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser