Types of Hydrogen Bonding in Chemistry

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the primary goal of atoms when forming chemical bonds?

To become more reactive
To increase their atomic mass
To achieve a stable noble gas electron configuration (correct)
To change their atomic number

Covalent bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms.

False (B)

What is the name given to the notation developed by G.N. Lewis to represent valence electrons in an atom?

Lewis symbols or electron dot symbols

The bond formed by the sharing of electrons contributed equally by both combining atoms is called a ______ bond.

covalent Signup and view all the answers

Match each chemical bond type with its description:

Ionic bond = Electrons are transferred from one atom to another Covalent bond = Electrons are shared equally between atoms Coordinate bond = Electrons are shared, with one atom contributing both electrons Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements has the most valence electrons?

Fluorine (A) Signup and view all the answers

Covalent compounds are generally good conductors of electricity.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the Lewis symbol for Nitrogen?

N with five dots around it Signup and view all the answers

The formation of a covalent bond involves the ______ of electrons between atoms.

sharing Signup and view all the answers

Match the following properties with their corresponding type of compound:

High melting point = Covalent compound Poor conductor of electricity = Ionic compound Generally gaseous or liquid at room temperature = Covalent compound Usually soluble in water = Ionic compound Signup and view all the answers

A coordinate covalent bond is formed when both atoms contribute one electron to the shared pair.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of covalent compounds?

High melting and boiling points (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of covalent compounds?

Good conductors of electricity (B) Signup and view all the answers

The formation of a water molecule (H₂O) involves the sharing of electrons between one hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

In a coordinate covalent bond, the atom donating the electron pair is called the ______.

donor Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the formation of a hydrogen chloride molecule (HCl) and a water molecule (H₂O)?

In HCl, one hydrogen atom shares one electron with one chlorine atom. In H₂O, one oxygen atom shares two electrons with two hydrogen atoms. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the formation of ammonia-boron trifluoride an example of a coordinate covalent bond?

Ammonia has a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom, which it donates to the boron atom in BF3, which has an incomplete octet. This sharing of electrons forms a coordinate covalent bond. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of covalent bonds with their descriptions:

Non-polar covalent bond = Sharing of electrons between atoms of different elements Polar covalent bond = Sharing of electrons between atoms of the same element Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about ionic compounds?

They have high density (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main factors that determine whether a bond will be ionic or covalent?

Electronegativity difference and the number of valence electrons. Signup and view all the answers

Ionic compounds are typically better conductors of electricity than covalent compounds.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Covalent compounds are typically good conductors of electricity in their solid state.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is most favorable for the formation of a covalent bond?

Similar electronegativity values of the atoms (D) Signup and view all the answers

The electrostatic attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a highly electronegative atom in the same or different molecule is called a ______ bond.

hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

Explain why ammonia (NH₃) has a higher boiling point than hydrogen chloride (HCl) despite having similar molecular weights.

Ammonia (NH₃) forms hydrogen bonds due to the presence of a highly electronegative nitrogen atom and a hydrogen atom. These hydrogen bonds are strong intermolecular interactions, leading to a higher boiling point. However, hydrogen chloride (HCl) does not form hydrogen bonds because chlorine is less electronegative than nitrogen. Therefore, HCl's intermolecular forces are weaker, leading to a lower boiling point. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following properties with the corresponding bond type:

High melting and boiling points = Ionic bond Poor conductors of electricity in the solid state = Covalent bond Soluble in water, insoluble in organic solvents = Ionic bond Directional in nature = Covalent bond Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property of covalent compounds?

Good conductors of electricity in the solid state (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the dipole moment, and how is it related to the polarity of a molecule?

Dipole moment (μ) is a measure of the polarity of a molecule. It is a vector quantity that indicates the magnitude and direction of the separation of positive and negative charges within a molecule. A larger dipole moment indicates a more polar molecule. Signup and view all the answers

A coordinate covalent bond is a weak type of bond with similar characteristics to an ionic bond.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Intermolecular hydrogen bonds occur between atoms of the same molecule.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances exhibits intramolecular hydrogen bonding?

o-nitrophenol (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds?

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, forming a strong bond. Hydrogen bonds are weaker intermolecular forces that arise from the attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a highly electronegative atom. Signup and view all the answers

The strength of a hydrogen bond is influenced by the ______ of the highly electronegative atom.

electronegativity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a compound that exhibits intermolecular hydrogen bonding?

hydrogen fluoride (HF) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of bonds with their descriptions:

Covalent bond = Formed by sharing electrons between atoms Hydrogen bond = Electrostatic attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a highly electronegative atom Ionic bond = Formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms Signup and view all the answers

Why is hydrogen bonding important in water?

Hydrogen bonding is responsible for the unique properties of water, such as its high boiling point, high surface tension, and ability to act as a solvent. Signup and view all the answers

In ______ hydrogen bonding, a ring structure is formed within the same molecule.

intramolecular Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding

Hydrogen bond between different polar molecules.

Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding

Hydrogen bond within the same molecule.