Hydrogen Bonding Quiz

Hydrogen bonds are usually represented by dotted lines.

Intermolecular hydrogen bonding occurs between different molecules, while intramolecular hydrogen bonding occurs within a single molecule.

Alcohols are soluble in water due to hydrogen bonding that occurs between alcohol and water molecules.

<p>Hydrogen bonding results in higher boiling points, making substances less volatile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bonding creates a cage-like structure in ice, making it less densely packed than liquid water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bonding increases viscosity because it causes the formation of associated molecules, making flow more difficult.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bond length is the equilibrium distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An example of intermolecular hydrogen bonding is the hydrogen bonds between water molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inorganic chemistry focuses on elements and compounds that do not contain a carbon-hydrogen bond, while organic chemistry primarily studies carbon-containing compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionic bonds are formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, resulting from the transfer of electrons between atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons to achieve stable electron configurations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electron pairs, or shared pairs, are crucial for forming covalent bonds as they allow atoms to attain noble gas electron configurations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In Cl2, each chlorine atom shares one electron with the other, resulting in a single covalent bond and each achieving an octet configuration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A double covalent bond occurs when two atoms share two pairs of electrons instead of one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionization involves the removal of electrons from a neutral atom to form a positive ion, or the addition of electrons to form a negative ion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Valence electrons determine how atoms bond by influencing their ability to either share or transfer electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A bond angle is the angle between orbitals containing bonding electron pairs around a central atom, and it is significant as it helps determine the shape of the molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bond angles are influenced primarily by the electronegativity of the atoms involved and the presence of lone pairs of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bond energy refers to the energy required to break a mole of molecules into its component atoms, indicating the strength of a chemical bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>VSEPR theory states that lone pairs of electrons exert greater repulsive force than bonding pairs, altering the molecular shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The shape of a molecule, such as the bent shape of water, affects its boiling point and hydrogen bonding capability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The differing bond angles in CH4, NH3, and H2O are due to the presence and variation of lone pairs of electrons affecting electron pair repulsion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>VSEPR theory predicts molecular geometry by assessing the repulsion between valence electron pairs surrounding a central atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bond angle of H2O is 104.5 degrees, which is less than 109.5 degrees due to the repulsion from the two lone pairs of electrons present on the oxygen atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A triple bond is a covalent bond formed when two atoms share three pairs of electrons. An example is the nitrogen molecule (N₂).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ammonium ion (NH4+) is formed when a hydrogen ion is transferred from hydrogen chloride to ammonia, resulting in a coordinate covalent bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A coordinate covalent bond is a bond where both electrons come from the same atom. It is represented by an arrow pointing from the donor atom to the acceptor atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metallic bonds involve the delocalization of electrons among a lattice of cations, unlike covalent bonds which share electrons between two atoms or ionic bonds that involve electron transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dipole-dipole forces are attractions between partial positive and negative charges in different molecules, caused by differences in electronegativity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electronegativity differences between atoms create dipole moments, where the larger the difference, the stronger the dipole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bonds are much weaker than covalent bonds, as they involve an attraction between hydrogen and a highly electronegative atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bonding affects properties like boiling and melting points, and solubility, making substances with such bonds unique.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The repulsive forces between bond pairs and lone pairs dictate the shape of molecules by organizing them to minimize repulsion and maximize stability, leading to deviations from regular geometries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CH4 has a tetrahedral geometry with a bond angle of 109° 28′, maintained due to the presence of four bond pairs and no lone pairs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>H2O has a bent shape with a bond angle of 104° 35′, primarily influenced by the significant repulsion between its two lone pairs and two bond pairs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NH3 adopts a pyramidal shape with a bond angle of 107° 18′, as the lone pair exerts repulsion that alters the positions of the bond pairs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To draw the Lewis structure for CO, first count the total valence electrons (10), then draw a triple bond between C and O after ensuring the octets are satisfied for both atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers