Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main difference between a membership group and a reference group?
What is the main difference between a membership group and a reference group?
- Membership groups are determined by the organization chart, while reference groups are composed of subordinates reporting to a common superior.
- Membership groups are more influential in determining behavior, while reference groups are irrelevant.
- Membership groups are groups individuals aspire to join, while reference groups are groups individuals already belong to. (correct)
- Membership groups are those individuals actively participate in, while reference groups are just organizations on paper.
Why do individuals prefer to participate in certain groups over others?
Why do individuals prefer to participate in certain groups over others?
- Because those groups have less relevance to organizational behavior.
- Because those groups have fewer subordinates reporting to a common superior.
- Because the norms of those groups are more attractive and gratifying. (correct)
- Because the organization chart determines their participation.
Which type of group is composed of employees working together on a specific project or task?
Which type of group is composed of employees working together on a specific project or task?
- Command group
- Task group (correct)
- Reference group
- Membership group
What makes reference groups more influential in determining people's behavior?
What makes reference groups more influential in determining people's behavior?
In an organization chart, which type of group is composed of subordinates who report directly to a common superior?
In an organization chart, which type of group is composed of subordinates who report directly to a common superior?
Why do individuals aspire to join reference groups?
Why do individuals aspire to join reference groups?
Which type of group involves completing a particular task or project?
Which type of group involves completing a particular task or project?
What aspect of a reference group makes its norms more attractive to individuals?
What aspect of a reference group makes its norms more attractive to individuals?
What determines the composition of a command group within an organization?
What determines the composition of a command group within an organization?
Why are reference groups considered more relevant to organizational behavior?
Why are reference groups considered more relevant to organizational behavior?
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Study Notes
Concept of Group Dynamics
- The term "group dynamics" refers to the interaction of forces between group members in a social situation.
- It is the social process by which people interact face-to-face in small groups.
Determinants of Group Dynamics
- External conditions of the group
- Group member resources
- Group structure:
- Composition
- Size
- Roles
- Norms
- Cohesiveness
- Status
- Group processes
Concept of Group
- A group consists of two or more persons who interact with each other, influencing and being influenced by each other.
- Features of a group:
- Two or more persons
- Collective identity (members are aware of their membership)
- Interaction among members (through various means of communication)
- Shared goal (members subscribe to the attainment of common objectives)
Types of Groups
- Formal and informal groups
- Primary and secondary groups:
- Primary groups: intimate, face-to-face association, and cooperation (e.g., families, friendship groups)
- Secondary groups: more formal, general, and remote (e.g., organizations, societies)
- Membership and reference groups:
- Membership group: one to which an individual really belongs
- Reference group: one with which the individual identifies or would like to belong
- Command and task groups:
- Command group: composed of subordinates who report directly to a common superior
- Task group: comprised of employees who work together to complete a particular task or project
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