Types of Fuel Burners Overview
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Questions and Answers

What are the three primary types of burners classified by the B149 Code Series?

  • Natural Draft Burner, Fan Assisted Burner, Forced Draft Burner (correct)
  • Laminar Flame, Turbulent Flame, Swirling Flame
  • Premix Burner, Nozzle Mix Burner, Chamber Mix Burner
  • Diffusion Flame, Premixed Flame, Turbulent Flame

What does the 'motive force' refer to in the context of natural draft burner?

The natural draft burner relies on the difference in pressure between the combustion chamber and the surrounding atmosphere to draw in air for combustion. This pressure difference is created by the heat of the flame.

What is the primary reason why industrial gasfitters might encounter liquid and solid fuel burners?

  • To handle applications requiring higher heat outputs.
  • To utilize readily available alternative fuels.
  • To meet specific process requirements not met by gas burners.
  • All of the above (correct)

What is the primary function of an air-staged burner?

<p>To create a more stable and efficient combustion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between diffusion flames and premixed flames?

<p>Diffusion flames are formed when fuel and oxidizer mix before combustion, while premixed flames are formed when fuel and oxidizer mix during combustion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of flame is preferred for applications that require clean, soot-free combustion?

<p>Premixed flame (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is heat transferred to the work in infrared burners and catalytic heaters?

<p>Mostly through direct radiation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the turndown ratio refer to in burner operations?

<p>The range of flame sizes a burner can produce. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cycling burners are considered highly efficient.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary factors limiting a burner's turndown capability?

<p>Flashback and blow-off. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of flashback in a burner?

<p>Significant damage to the burner. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using a sealed tunnel burner with a refractory flame retention screen?

<p>Expanded operating pressure range. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between natural draft burners and fan-assisted burners?

<p>Natural draft burners rely on air pressure, while fan-assisted burners rely on forced air. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The principles of operation for Natural Draft Burners in levels B1 and B2 are different.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a venturi in a natural draft burner system?

<p>A venturi reduces the pressure in the air stream, causing it to draw in primary air from the atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Industrial Natural Draft Burners are often silent and require no additional noise controls.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of flame impingement in natural draft burners?

<p>Contact with surface within the appliance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does flame impingement affect the operation and performance of a burner?

<p>Flame impingement often reduces the flame temperature, leading to incomplete combustion and the formation of soot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between chamber mix burners and premix burners in terms of fuel and air mixing?

<p>Chamber mix burners mix fuel and air inside the combustion chamber, while premix burners mix fuel and air before entering the combustion chamber. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of nozzle mix burners over chamber mix burners?

<p>Nozzle mix burners can operate over a wider range of air/fuel ratios. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nozzle mix burners are capable of operating at ratios higher than 5000 parts of air to one part of gas.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of excess air in a nozzle mix burner system, specifically in terms of flame temperature?

<p>Excess air cools the flame temperature, making nozzle mix burners suitable for applications where high flame temperatures are undesirable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Operating a nozzle mix burner at 5000% excess air will result in a stream of warm gases that are less than 15°F hotter than the surrounding air.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the diffuser in a nozzle mix burner?

<p>To create turbulence and ensure proper mixing of fuel and air. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nozzle mix burners generally offer more flexibility in terms of varying flame shape compared to other burner types.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nozzle mix burners are generally unable to utilize preheated combustion air or oxygen enrichment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a diffuser in a nozzle mix burner where a spinning combustion air stream is used?

<p>To atomize the fuel oil for more efficient combustion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why different nozzle types and atomizing mediums are used in oil burners?

<p>To control the flame length and shape. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component ensures that the fuel and air are thoroughly mixed in a mesh burner?

<p>The metallic fiber mesh. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are nozzle mix burners generally considered more adaptable to diverse applications compared to premix burners?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nozzle mix burners are generally limited in size and cannot exceed a capacity of 500 million Btu/hr.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary disadvantage of nozzle mix burners in applications requiring low levels of heat input spread over a wide area?

<p>Uneven heat distribution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to burners with their descriptions:

<p>Spuds = Devices that inject gas into the airstream in a nozzle mix burner. Gun style burner = A type of nozzle mix burner often associated with a specific flame shape. Lance burner = A type of nozzle mix burner where the gas delivery tube resembles a spear. Cane burner = A type of nozzle mix burner that employs a series of gas delivery tubes resembling reeds. Immersion burner = A nozzle mix burner designed for submerged applications, typically for heating liquids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are considered as Low-NOx or ultra-low-NOx burners?

<p>Burners specifically designed for low emissions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All Low-NOx or ultra-low-NOx burners utilize Flue Gas Recirculation (FGR) technology.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for incorporating a parallel positioning control system in boiler burners?

<p>A parallel positioning control system provides precise control of fuel and air, ensuring safe and efficient burner operation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration when selecting a suitable burner for an application?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary goals of burner selection in industrial processes?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the B149.3 code clause 8.3.12 primarily address concerning burner operations?

<p>Minimum flame size and stability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Clause 8.3.12 stipulates that a burner with a flame width over 3 feet must be proven at its furthest point from the ignition source.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ignition source for a large burner is ideally located within the combustion zone adjacent to the fuel or fuel-air mixture entry.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Burner

A device that introduces gas into the combustion zone for ignition.

Natural Draft Burner

A burner that relies on natural convection to draw air into combustion.

Fan Assisted Burner

A burner using a fan to help in air intake and improve combustion efficiency.

Forced Draft Burner

A burner that forces air into the combustion chamber, increasing pressure.

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Gaseous Fuel Burner

Burners specifically designed for gaseous fuels like natural gas.

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Liquid Fuel Burner

Burners that can fire liquid fuels using various atomization methods.

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Solid Fuel Burner

Burners designed to combust solid fuels like coal or biomass.

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Air-Staged Burner Design

A design that introduces additional stages of air to improve combustion.

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Mechanically Atomized Burner

A burner that uses mechanical means to atomize liquid fuel for efficient combustion.

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Air Atomized Burner

A burner that mixes air with liquid fuel to create an atomized spray.

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Steam Atomized Burner

A burner that uses steam to atomize liquid fuels for better combustion.

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Balanced Draft Burner

A liquid fuel burner that uses both natural and forced draft to optimize combustion.

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Grate Burner

A solid fuel burner that uses a grate to support combustion.

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Fluidized Bed Burner

A burner that uses a bed of solid particles suspended in air for combustion.

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Powdered Coal Burner

Burner designed for the combustion of finely powdered coal.

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Particulate Injection Burner

A burner that injects solid particulates into the combustion process.

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Combustion Zone

The area within a burner where fuel and air mix and ignite.

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Ignition

The process of starting combustion in a burner.

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Combustion Efficiency

A measure of how effectively a burner converts fuel to energy.

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Motive Force

The force that drives air into the combustion chamber of a burner.

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Combustion Chamber Pressure

The pressure within the combustion zone that affects burner performance.

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Air-Fuel Ratio

The proportion of air to fuel in the combustion mixture.

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Burner Technology

The various methods and advancements in burner design and function.

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Fuel Firing

The act of igniting and managing different types of fuel within a burner.

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Industrial Gasfitter

A professional who installs and maintains gas-burning appliances.

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Heating Applications

Uses of burners in various industries to provide heat.

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Study Notes

Burner Types

  • B149 code series describes gaseous fuel burners as a device or group of devices forming an integral unit for introducing gas (with or without air/oxygen) into the combustion zone for ignition.
  • The code classifies burners as Natural Draft Burners, Fan Assisted Burners, and Forced Draft Burners.
  • Natural Draft Burners describe the motive force and its effect on combustion chamber pressures .
  • Fan Assisted Burners and Forced Draft Burners also describe the motive force, and effect on combustion chamber pressures.

Gaseous Fuel Burners

  • Types include Natural Draft, Fan Assisted, and Forced Draft.

Liquid Fuel Burners

  • Types include Forced or Balanced Draft, Mechanically Atomized, Air Atomized, and Steam Atomized.

Solid Fuel Burners

  • Types include Grate Burners, Fluidized Bed, Powdered Coal, and Particulate Injection.

Burner Design

  • Burners mix fuel and oxidizer (air or oxygen) for controlled combustion and heat release.
  • Heat transfer through radiation or convection to the work load from the flame.
  • Different flame types (diffusion and premixed).
  • Diffusion flame: Oxidizer and fuel separated before burning. Produces more soot.
  • Premixed flame: Fuel and oxidizer mixed prior to ignition. Burns hotter.

Flame Types

  • Laminar: Streamlined flame, characterized by smooth, undisturbed flow.
  • Turbulent: Chaotic flame flow, characterized by swirling and mixing, due to the imposition of force to the flame.

Flame Shaping

  • Engineers carefully analyze different operational parameters and geometry to predict flame stability, structure, and emissions.

Burner Types and Applications

  • Specific flame shapes for different applications cater to particular needs for heat transfer in specific application environments and appliance characteristics.

Burner Stability

  • Burner designs aim for consistent flame shape; important factors include avoiding flashback - significant damage and blow-off – flame lift-off during operation.
  • Maintaining stable flame shape is crucial across different turndown ratios (the range of power output for a burner).

Burner Classification

  • B149.3 clause 8.3.3: Burners need means for secure positioning and stability.
  • B149.3 clause 8.3.4: Burners maintain stability across turndown ratios.

Burner Efficiency

  • Different burner types have varying efficiencies across a range of turndown ratios.

Additional Burner Types

  • Spudded burners: inject gas into the airstream, improving mixing for higher turndown ratios.
  • Cane burners and lance burners are variations of nozzle mix burners.

Other Considerations

  • A diffuser influences flame shape (in the case of oil burners):
  • Different nozzle types and atomizing mediums affect flame shape.
  • Fuel types include natural gas, propane and different types of oil.
  • Burners are categorized based on the type of mechanical device used.
  • Industrial applications include various types of furnaces, kilns, water heaters, dip tanks, etc.

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Description

This quiz explores the different types of burners including gaseous, liquid, and solid fuel burners. Learn about the classification and design principles of each burner type, including the methods of mixing fuel and oxidizers for efficient combustion. Test your knowledge on Natural Draft, Fan Assisted, and Forced Draft burners, among others.

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