CH. 25/9 II

Exocarp, Mesocarp, Endocarp

Single seed enclosed by hard, stony endocarp

Thin skin and relatively soft pericarp

<p>Pepo</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leathery skin containing oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flesh comes from enlarged floral tube or receptacle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Break dormancy due to alterations in seed coat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Availability of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No period of dormancy; embryo continues to grow while fruit is still on parent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At low temperatures and when kept dry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydration of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dehiscent fruits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Legume family</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Legume</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silique is more than three times longer than wide, while a silicle is less than three times longer than wide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sweet fragrances, white or yellow colors for night-flying moths, and red, blue, yellow, or orange colors for butterflies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bird-pollinated flowers are often bright red or yellow, have little to no odor, and produce copious amounts of nectar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bat-pollinated flowers are dull in color, open at night, and are large enough for bats to insert their heads or consist of ball-like inflorescences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Orchid flowers produce pollen grains in little sacs called pollinia with sticky pads at the base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caffeine is used to give bees a buzz and make them faithful 'hooked' pollinators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bee Orchids have modified petals that resemble female bumble bees or wasps to attract male bees or wasps for pollination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Family Rhizophoraceae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magnoliaceae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vivipary</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Juglandaceae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cactaceae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cucurbitaceae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sweet fragrances and white or yellow colors = Night-flying moths Red, blue, yellow, or orange colors = Butterflies Nectaries at bases of corolla tubes or spurs = Long-tongued pollinators Large and part of sturdy inflorescence with copious nectar = Birds (hummingbirds and sunbirds)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bright red or yellow colors = Hummingbirds and sunbirds Little to no odor = Birds Large floral tubes with copious nectar production = Highly active birds Primarily open at night in the tropics = Bats</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Open at night in the tropics = Bats Dull colors, large enough for bat head insertion or ball-like inflorescence = Bat-pollinated flowers Pollen grains produced in pollinia with sticky pads = Orchid flowers Modified petal resembling female bees or wasps for copulation = Ophrys orchids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pollinators among all types mentioned = Orchid flowers Adaptations include extraordinary features = Orchid flowers Pollen produced in pollinia with sticky pads at base = Orchid flowers Modified petal resembling female bees or wasps for copulation = Ophrys orchids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Used to give bees a buzz as a faithful pollinator reward = Caffeine Highly nutritious for hummingbirds and Heliconia sp. = Nectar Helps make a faithful 'hooked' pollinator relationship = Caffeine Produces just enough nectar for hummingbirds and Heliconia sp. = Nectar</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Instigators of plant deception with modified petals resembling bees or wasps = Bee Orchid (Ophrys apifera) Have modified petals resembling female bees or wasps for copulation = Ophrys orchids Pollen deposited on male bees' or wasps' heads during attempted copulation = Orchid flowers Drug used to give bees a buzz as a reward for pollination services = Caffeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drupe = Simple fleshy fruit with single seed enclosed by hard, stony endocarp Berry = From compound ovary, with more than one seed, and with fleshy pericarp Pepo = Relatively thick rind Hesperidium = Leathery skin containing oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exocarp = Skin Endocarp = Inner boundary around seed(s) Mesocarp = Tissue between exocarp and endocarp Pericarp = Three regions collectively called pericarp</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fruit = Matured ovary and its accessory parts, contains seeds Vegetable = Any edible portion of a plant Pericarp = Three regions collectively called pericarp Ovary = Part of flower that develops into fruit after fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocarp = Innermost layer of a fruit's pericarp Mesocarp = Middle layer of a fruit's pericarp Pericarp = The wall of a fruit Exocarp = Outermost layer of a fruit's pericarp</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fleshy Fruits = Mesocarp at least partly fleshy at maturity Simple fleshy fruits = Develop from flower with single pistil True berry = With thin skin and relatively soft pericarp Pome = Flesh comes from enlarged floral tube or receptacle that grows up around ovary</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Follicle = Splits along one side; examples include Larkspur and milkweed Legume = Splits along two sides; examples include peas, beans, and peanuts Silique = More than three times longer than wide; examples include broccoli and cabbage Capsule = Consists of at least two carpels and split in various ways; examples include Irises and poppies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Matured ovary and its accessory parts Contains seeds = Fruit definition Three regions collectively called pericarp. = Pericarp definition Part of flower that develops into fruit after fertilization = Ovary definition any edible portion of a plant = Vegetable definition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drupe = Peaches, almonds, olives Berry = Tomatoes, grapes, peppers, blueberries, bananas Pepo = Pumpkins, cucumbers Hesperidium = Citrus fruits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unicorn plant = Dry indehiscent fruit where single seed is united with pericarp Apple = Core and a little of adjacent tissue from ovary; remainder from floral tube and receptacle Mustard family fruits = Dry dehiscent fruits that split along two sides; seeds on central partition exposed when halves separate Autograph Tree = Dry indehiscent fruit where base of seed is attached to pericarp</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Achene = Base of seed attached to pericarp Nut = Hard-shelled fruit with one seed enclosed Samara = Winged fruit for wind dispersal Grain = Small, indehiscent fruit with thin seed coat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Achene = Sunflower seed Samaras = Maples Aggregate fruits = Raspberries Multiple fruits = Pineapples</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wind dispersal = Fruits: Samaras Animal dispersal = Oils attract ants Water dispersal = Some fruits contain trapped air for floatation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caryopsis = Pericarp tightly united with seed Schizocarp = Twin fruit Aggregate fruits = Derived from single flower with several to many pistils Multiple fruits = Derived from several to many individual flowers in single inflorescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acorns = Inside of sunflower achene Hazelnuts = Acorn Hickory nuts = Corn section Walnuts = Parsley family: carrots, anise, dill</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parsley family = Carrots, anise, dill Rosaceae family = Blackberries Moraceae family = Mulberries Cucurbitaceae family = Pineapples</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small and lightweight seeds or with wings = Wind dispersal Seeds adhering to fur or feathers = Animal dispersal Elaiosomes attracting ants = Animal dispersal Trapped air for floatation in fruits = Water dispersal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low temperatures and dry conditions = Extends seed viability Adequate moisture for hydration of cells = Required for germination Scarification (heat, cold, etc.) = Breaks dormancy Vivipary = No period of dormancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Availability of oxygen = Metabolic needs Adequate temperature = Enzyme activity Light (in some cases) = Germination in specific seeds Respiration and metabolism = Continue throughout dormancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embryo composed of only a few cells when fruit ripens = Seeds won't germinate until development Light (in some cases) = Required for germination in specific cases Animal intestinal acid, soil microbes = Causes scarification by altering the seed coat Seed bank = Seeds can remain dormant for a long time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seed viability varies based on species and storage conditions = Dependent on environmental factors At low temperatures and when kept dry = Extends viability Some seeds can remain dormant for an indeterminate amount of time = Forming a seed bank Vivipary - No dormancy period = Embryo continues to grow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiration and metabolism continue throughout dormancy, but at a reduced level = Sustain life processes during dormancy Availability of oxygen for metabolic needs = Essential for energy production Adequate moisture for hydration of cells = Ensures cell activation and growth Heat, cold, animal intestinal acid, soil microbes = Causes scarification to break dormancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enclosed by a hard, stony endocarp (pit)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Berry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leathery skin containing oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flesh coming from enlarged floral tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pepo</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thin skin and relatively soft pericarp</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schizocarp</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cluster of bracts at the base</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aggregate fruit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seeds with wings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dehiscent fruit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thicker pericarp</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To break dormancy by altering the seed coat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absence of moisture for cell hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The continuation of embryo growth while fruit is still on the parent plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They continue but at a reduced level</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low temperatures and dry conditions extend viability</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cactaceae (Cactus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bird-pollinated flowers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magnoliaceae (Magnolia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Berries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thick rind with sections containing juicy pulp</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agavaceae (Agave)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store food for the seed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By subjecting seeds to soaking rains</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epigeous germination involves cotyledons staying underground, and hypogeous germination involves cotyledons emerging above ground.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epicotyl</p> Signup and view all the answers