Questions and Answers
How many layers of cells are there in the Elodea leaf?
Two layers thick.
How should a coverslip be applied to a drop of water on a microscope slide?
Dip one edge in the water drop and then lower the rest of the coverslip.
What parts of cells are normally visible with the aid of a compound light microscope?
Cell wall, middle lamella, chloroplasts, chromoplasts, amyloplasts, central vacuole, and nucleus.
When chloroplasts appear to be moving within a living cell, what is the cause of their movement called?
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Where is the cytoplasm located in most living cells, such as those of Elodea?
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If present in a cell, where are anthocyanin pigments located?
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How does the chromoplast differ from the chloroplast?
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In what region of a cell are chloroplasts located?
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If you could see it, where would you look for the nucleus in the Elodea leaf?
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How would you distinguish a starch grain from a chloroplast?
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Where would you expect to find a nucleolus?
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Why should only lens paper be used to clean microscope lenses?
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What is the function of the condenser?
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What is resolution?
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Where should an adjustable condenser be set for maximum resolution?
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What is the function of the iris diaphragm?
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What happens to light intensity when increasing magnification?
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What happens to the actual amount of field visible when magnification is increased?
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Calculate the magnification of the lens system for the dissecting microscope at the zoom setting of 0.7.
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Calculate the magnification of the lens system for the dissecting microscope at the zoom setting of 1.5.
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Calculate the magnification of the lens system for the dissecting microscope at the zoom setting of 3.0.
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Calculate the magnification of the lens system for the compound microscope while using scanning power.
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Calculate the magnification of the lens system for the compound microscope while using low power.
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Calculate the magnification of the lens system for the compound microscope while using high power.
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What is the function of the interpupillary adjustment on the dissecting microscope?
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Study Notes
Elodea Cell Structure
- Elodea leaves consist of two layers of cells, providing structural density.
- Cytoplasm is gel-like, surrounding organelles within the plasma membrane and cell wall.
- Central vacuole is large, storing waste and regulating turgor pressure in plant cells.
- Anthocyanin pigments, if present, are located in the central vacuole.
Chloroplasts and Chromoplasts
- Chloroplasts are typically located near the cell wall due to pressure from the central vacuole.
- Chromoplasts lack chlorophyll and do not perform photosynthesis, unlike chloroplasts which do contain chlorophyll.
Microscopy Techniques
- A coverslip should be applied by first dipping one edge into the water and then lowering it to avoid bubbles.
- For viewing cell structures, a compound light microscope reveals components such as the cell wall, chloroplasts, and possibly the nucleus.
- Resolution refers to the ability to distinguish close objects; the condenser should be set for maximum resolution and adjusted closely to the stage but not touching.
Microscope Features
- The iris diaphragm controls the amount of light reaching the specimen.
- Light intensity changes inversely with magnification: it decreases with increased magnification and increases with reduced magnification.
- As magnification increases, the size of the objects changes, but the actual field of vision remains constant.
Nucleus and Starch Grains
- The nucleus in an Elodea leaf cell can be found adjacent to the plasma membrane and near the cell wall.
- Starch grains appear colorless compared to the green of chloroplasts, and they can be larger than chloroplasts depending on storage.
Microscope Maintenance
- Only lens paper should be used to clean microscope lenses to avoid scratching the delicate surfaces.
Microscopy Magnification Calculations
- Dissecting microscope magnifications are calculated by multiplying the zoom knob setting by 10x, yielding:
- 0.7 = 7x
- 1.5 = 15x
- 3.0 = 30x
- For compound microscopes, magnifications are:
- Scanning (Red): 40x
- Low Power (Yellow): 100x
- High Power (Blue): 400x
Interpupillary Adjustment
- The interpupillary adjustment on a dissecting microscope accommodates different user eye distances for comfortable viewing.
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Test your knowledge with flashcards from Botany Lab Practical 1. This quiz covers essential concepts related to plant cellular structures and microscope techniques. Perfect for students to reinforce their understanding of botany.
