Types of Defects in Product Testing
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a repeatability and reproducibility (R&R) study?

  • To analyze customer satisfaction levels
  • To measure variation in a production process
  • To quantify the accuracy of a measurement system (correct)
  • To compare different manufacturing techniques

How are operators and parts selected in an R&R study?

  • Operators and parts are both randomly selected.
  • Operators and parts are both fixed.
  • Operators are fixed and parts are randomly selected. (correct)
  • Operators are randomly selected and parts are fixed.

What statistics are computed in an R&R study to quantify repeatability and reproducibility?

  • Confidence intervals
  • Mean and standard deviation
  • Key statistics specific to R&R (correct)
  • Variance and range

According to the provided text, when is a measurement system considered inadequate?

<p>When over 30% error is observed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which error range is deemed acceptable in a measurement system based on the information provided?

<p>10-30% error (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does R&R relate to part variation and measurement system variation?

<p>Part variation is higher than R&amp;R, which is lower than measurement system variation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of defect is described as likely to result in failure or to materially reduce the usability of the product?

<p>Major defect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of defect is least likely to have any bearing on the effective use or operation of the unit?

<p>Minor defect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does DPMO stand for in the context of defects per million opportunities?

<p>Defects Per Million Opportunities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rolled Throughput Yield (RTY) is calculated as the product of the yields from each ____.

<p>Minor process step (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is often used in services as an analogy to DPMO?

<p>Errors Per Million Opportunities (EPMO) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of defect is described as one that will surely result in hazardous or unsafe conditions and prevent proper performance of the product?

<p>Critical defect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total observed variation in production output due to?

<p>Both natural variation and measurement system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of variation is what is actually desired to be measured?

<p>True process variation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does metrology broadly refer to?

<p>Science of measurement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organizations assure uniform and accurate measures used in trade?

<p>Weights and measures organizations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the number of defects caught by an inspector with more parts and less orderly arrangement?

<p>Decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of manual inspection, what decreases as the complexity increases?

<p>Defect detection by inspectors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the pre-control zones aim to ensure?

<p>Relatively good capability of a process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to control a process according to the text?

<p>To remove special causes and achieve high quality levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of setting pre-control lines in the process?

<p>To divide the tolerance range into zones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are many experts against relying on actual performance in a noncontrolled environment?

<p>To achieve high quality and customer satisfaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the green, yellow, and red zones represent in pre-control?

<p>Tolerance levels in a process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are Cp, Cpl, Cpu, and Cpk indexes preferable over alternative actual performance measurement methods?

<p>They represent ideal rather than actual performance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pattern is depicted in the image titled 'Cycles'?

<p>A repeating sequence of points that form a cyclical pattern (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which image illustrates a trend pattern?

<p>Trend (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the image titled 'Hugging Center Line', where are the points primarily located?

<p>Clustered around the center line (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pattern is depicted in the image titled 'Hugging Control Limits'?

<p>Points concentrated near the upper and lower control limits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the number '9' represent in the context of these images?

<p>The number of distinct patterns depicted (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Process capability is the ability of a process to produce output that conforms to specifications.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A process capability study is designed to yield specific information about the performance of a process under ideal operating conditions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The proper way to express the results of a process capability study is to use the ratio of variances formula $\frac{\sigma_p^2}{\sigma_m^2}$.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Process characterization studies are used to determine how a process performs under ideal conditions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Component variability studies are used to determine the relative contribution of different sources of variation, such as process factors and measurement system.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Peak performance studies are used to determine how a process performs under actual operating conditions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

MESA Products, Inc. implements ISO 9000 standards and the Baldrige framework to improve performance.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Operations Management International operates and maintains fewer than 100 public and private measurement facilities.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'indicator' is used for measurements that are a direct and exclusive measure of performance.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Good measures should be Simple, Measurable, Actionable, Related, and Timely (SMART).

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cathodic protection systems control the oxidation of metal surfaces in underground and submerged structures.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

MESA Products, Inc. implemented a quality assurance specification that resulted in a decrease in product quality.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process capability indexes $C_p$, $C_{pl}$, $C_{pu}$, and $C_{pk}$ are preferable to alternative actual performance measurement methods.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A repeatability and reproducibility (R&R) study aims to quantify the variation due to the measurement system itself, separate from the actual part-to-part variation.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The green, yellow, and red zones in pre-control represent different levels of process performance, with green being the most desirable.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rolled Throughput Yield (RTY) is calculated as the sum of the yields from each process step.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A measurement system is considered inadequate if the observed variation is solely due to the measurement system itself.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The number '9' in the context of the images represents a defect that is likely to result in failure or materially reduce the usability of the product.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The image titled 'Cycles' depicts a cyclical pattern in the data points.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the 'Hugging Center Line' image, the data points are clustered around the center control limit line.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pre-control zones divide the tolerance range into two equal halves.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The number '9' represents the total number of images provided in the context.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cp, Cpl, Cpu, and Cpk indexes measure the actual process performance rather than ideal capability.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The green, yellow, and red zones in pre-control represent different levels of process capability.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

$5x^2 + 3x - 7 = 0$ has two distinct real roots.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'Hugging Control Limits' image depicts a pattern where data points are clustered close to the control limits.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Experts recommend relying on actual process performance in an uncontrolled environment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The red zones in pre-control represent values outside the specification limits.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

$\int_0^1 x^2 ,dx = \frac{1}{3}$

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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