Types of Contaminants and EPA Classification Quiz

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What are some major classes of contaminants based on the text?

Classification based on target organ (correct)

Classification based on geographical location

Classification based on taste

Classification based on color

Which classification is NOT mentioned in the EPA Classification of Pollutants according to the text?

Water pollutants

Radiation

Biological contaminants

Food contaminants (correct)

What is a danger associated with hydrogen replacing Chlorine-based refrigerants?

Increased stability of hydrogen refrigerants

Decreased availability of hydrogen refrigerants

High combustibility of hydrogen refrigerants (correct)

Higher cost of hydrogen refrigerants

Why are CFCs mentioned in the context of coolants and transformers?

Because they are stable and efficient as coolants and transformers Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of toxic substances like persistent organic pollutants (POPs)?

They bioaccumulate and are persistent in the environment Signup and view all the answers

Which principle is associated with the Twelve principles of green chemistry by EPA?

Minimizing waste generation and hazardous substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the main usage of Silica Gel and Zeolites mentioned in the text?

For desiccation and humidity control Signup and view all the answers

What is the indicator type of Silica Gel when it absorbs moisture?

Red color Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of Zeolites mentioned in the text?

For ion exchange in laundry detergents Signup and view all the answers

What does the text mention about the solubility and adsorption of metal toxicants?

They affect mobility in bodies of water and solid surfaces Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following EPA classifications includes pollutants like ozone and radiation?

Air pollutants Signup and view all the answers

What is mentioned as a challenge due to increased temperature changes in the text?

Increased carbon dioxide accumulation Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive value for log Kow indicate?

Hydrophobic character Signup and view all the answers

Which is the correct equation for Langmuir Isotherm?

Ce/Cs = 1/ab + Ce/a.b Signup and view all the answers

Which is the major difference between Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms?

Freundlich is empirical, Langmuir is theoretical Signup and view all the answers

Which adsorption isotherm involves multi-molecular layer adsorption?

BET Signup and view all the answers

What does Octanol-Water partition ratio reflect?

Lipophilicity of a compound Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative value for log Kow indicate?

Neutral character Signup and view all the answers

What property of Activated Carbon makes it suitable for water purification?

High surface area and porosity Signup and view all the answers

Which equation does not explain the mechanism of chemisorption?

Freundlich's Qe = KFCe^(1/n) Signup and view all the answers

Which adsorption isotherm assumes a monolayer only?

Langmuir Signup and view all the answers

What does TTC stand for in the context of odors?

Total Threshold Concentration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following equations correctly represents the Clausius-Clapeyron equation in its indefinite form?

ln P = -ΔH_vap * R * (1/T) + C Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the solubility of solids in aqueous medium is correct?

All ammonium salts are soluble in water. Signup and view all the answers

What does the symbol Ksp represent in the context of solubility product constants?

Ksp represents the equilibrium constant for the dissolution of a solid in a solvent. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following expressions correctly represents Henry's law for the solubility of gases in a liquid solvent?

P_gas = k_H * C_gas Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'vapor density' refer to in the context of pollutants?

The mass of the vapor relative to the mass of air. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the common ion effect is correct?

The common ion effect considers the contributions of all ions present in the system. Signup and view all the answers

What property is used to predict the physicochemical properties of mass transfer from liquid to solid phase?

Octanol partition coefficient (LogP) Signup and view all the answers

According to the solubility rules mentioned in the text, which of the following compounds is likely to be soluble in water?

Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) Signup and view all the answers

What principle is mentioned in the text that explains the increase in concentration of a substance after it has been reduced?

Le Chatelier's principle Signup and view all the answers

Which group of metals is soluble in aqueous solutions, except for one element?

Alkali metals Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason mentioned in the text for replacing chlorine-based refrigerants with hydrogen-based ones?

Chlorine-based refrigerants are not stable in the environment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the biodegradation process carried out by microorganisms?

Fermentative microorganisms gut the carbon to 3 to 4 atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Odor Recognition Threshold (ORT)?

The concentration at which all subjects can detect an odor Signup and view all the answers

What does the Langmuir isotherm describe?

Adsorption of a monolayer with no lateral interaction Signup and view all the answers

Which isotherm is empirical and widely used?

Freundlich isotherm Signup and view all the answers

What is the assumption of the BET isotherm?

Adsorption occurs in multiple homogeneous layers Signup and view all the answers

What is a key application of adsorption isotherms?

Measuring the porosity of an adsorbent surface Signup and view all the answers

What does the parameter $1/n$ represent in the Freundlich isotherm equation?

The intensity or favorability of adsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation?

To calculate the vapor pressure of a substance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about physisorption and chemisorption is true?

Chemisorption involves covalent bonding, while physisorption involves non-covalent bonding Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adsorption isotherms assumes a homogeneous adsorbent surface with equal energy of adsorption sites?

Langmuir isotherm Signup and view all the answers

Which analytical method is used to measure the total organic carbon (TOC) in a sample?

Gas chromatography Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) methods?

COD uses chemical oxidation, while BOD uses biological oxidation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the octanol-water partition coefficient (K_ow)?

To predict the bioaccumulation potential of a pollutant in organisms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the solubility of solids in aqueous medium is true?

The common ion effect decreases the solubility of a salt Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary assumption of the Freundlich isotherm for adsorption?

The adsorbent surface is heterogeneous with different adsorption sites and energies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following analytical methods is used to measure the odor intensity of a pollutant?

Odor index (OI) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the mobility of metal toxicants in bodies of water and soil?

Solubility and adsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation used to calculate vapor density?

Vapor Pressure = sample/air = Msample/(0.78 × MN2 + 0.21 × MO2) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of adsorption is characterized by a strong, short-distance interaction and is irreversible?

Chemisorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Winkler method?

To determine the dissolved oxygen content in a sample Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) test is correct?

It measures the oxygen demand of biodegradable organic matter. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the octanol-water ratio (Kow)?

To assess the partitioning of a pollutant between octanol and water Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the odor index (OI)?

To quantify the odor perception of a pollutant based on its vapor pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which principle is used to determine the solubility of solids in an aqueous medium?

Solubility rules and Ksp values Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the total organic carbon (TOC) analysis?

To determine the presence of microorganisms in a sample Signup and view all the answers

Which law relates the solubility of a gas in a liquid to its partial pressure?

Henry's law Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis?

To measure the oxygen demand of both organic and inorganic substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between pH and the solubility of pollutants?

pH can increase or decrease the solubility of pollutants Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about physisorption is true?

It involves weak, long-range van der Waals interactions Signup and view all the answers

In the Winkler method for determining dissolved oxygen, what is the relationship between the amount of oxygen and the amount of thiosulfate ions (S2O3^2-)?

1 mol of O2 → 4 mol of S2O3^2- Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary interference in the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) analysis?

Chloride Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) analysis?

To measure the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria during the decomposition of organic matter Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about chemisorption is true?

It involves strong, short-range chemical bonding involving orbital overlap and charge transfer Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis?

To measure the organic carbon concentration in a substance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT affect the amount of dissolved oxygen in water?

pH Signup and view all the answers

In the equation for the solubility of CO2 in water, what is the relationship between HCO3^- and CO3^2-?

HCO3^- + H^+ ↔ CO3^2- Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the equilibrium constant (Kc) and the acid dissociation constants (Ka) for the dissolution of CaCO3 in a weak acid (H2CO3)?

Kc = Ksp × 1/Ka1 × 1/Ka2 Signup and view all the answers