Types of Contaminants and EPA Classification Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are some major classes of contaminants based on the text?

  • Classification based on target organ (correct)
  • Classification based on geographical location
  • Classification based on taste
  • Classification based on color

    • Which classification is NOT mentioned in the EPA Classification of Pollutants according to the text?

  • Water pollutants
  • Radiation
  • Biological contaminants
  • Food contaminants (correct)

    • What is a danger associated with hydrogen replacing Chlorine-based refrigerants?

  • Increased stability of hydrogen refrigerants
  • Decreased availability of hydrogen refrigerants
  • High combustibility of hydrogen refrigerants (correct)
  • Higher cost of hydrogen refrigerants

    • Why are CFCs mentioned in the context of coolants and transformers?

    <p>Because they are stable and efficient as coolants and transformers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of toxic substances like persistent organic pollutants (POPs)?

    <p>They bioaccumulate and are persistent in the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle is associated with the Twelve principles of green chemistry by EPA?

    <p>Minimizing waste generation and hazardous substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main usage of Silica Gel and Zeolites mentioned in the text?

    <p>For desiccation and humidity control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indicator type of Silica Gel when it absorbs moisture?

    <p>Red color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of Zeolites mentioned in the text?

    <p>For ion exchange in laundry detergents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text mention about the solubility and adsorption of metal toxicants?

    <p>They affect mobility in bodies of water and solid surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following EPA classifications includes pollutants like ozone and radiation?

    <p>Air pollutants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mentioned as a challenge due to increased temperature changes in the text?

    <p>Increased carbon dioxide accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive value for log Kow indicate?

    <p>Hydrophobic character</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the correct equation for Langmuir Isotherm?

    <p>Ce/Cs = 1/ab + Ce/a.b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the major difference between Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms?

    <p>Freundlich is empirical, Langmuir is theoretical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adsorption isotherm involves multi-molecular layer adsorption?

    <p>BET</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Octanol-Water partition ratio reflect?

    <p>Lipophilicity of a compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a negative value for log Kow indicate?

    <p>Neutral character</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of Activated Carbon makes it suitable for water purification?

    <p>High surface area and porosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation does not explain the mechanism of chemisorption?

    <p>Freundlich's Qe = KFCe^(1/n)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adsorption isotherm assumes a monolayer only?

    <p>Langmuir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does TTC stand for in the context of odors?

    <p>Total Threshold Concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following equations correctly represents the Clausius-Clapeyron equation in its indefinite form?

    <p>ln P = -ΔH_vap * R * (1/T) + C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the solubility of solids in aqueous medium is correct?

    <p>All ammonium salts are soluble in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the symbol Ksp represent in the context of solubility product constants?

    <p>Ksp represents the equilibrium constant for the dissolution of a solid in a solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following expressions correctly represents Henry's law for the solubility of gases in a liquid solvent?

    <p>P_gas = k_H * C_gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'vapor density' refer to in the context of pollutants?

    <p>The mass of the vapor relative to the mass of air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the common ion effect is correct?

    <p>The common ion effect considers the contributions of all ions present in the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property is used to predict the physicochemical properties of mass transfer from liquid to solid phase?

    <p>Octanol partition coefficient (LogP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the solubility rules mentioned in the text, which of the following compounds is likely to be soluble in water?

    <p>Sodium nitrate (NaNO3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle is mentioned in the text that explains the increase in concentration of a substance after it has been reduced?

    <p>Le Chatelier's principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of metals is soluble in aqueous solutions, except for one element?

    <p>Alkali metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason mentioned in the text for replacing chlorine-based refrigerants with hydrogen-based ones?

    <p>Chlorine-based refrigerants are not stable in the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the biodegradation process carried out by microorganisms?

    <p>Fermentative microorganisms gut the carbon to 3 to 4 atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Odor Recognition Threshold (ORT)?

    <p>The concentration at which all subjects can detect an odor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Langmuir isotherm describe?

    <p>Adsorption of a monolayer with no lateral interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which isotherm is empirical and widely used?

    <p>Freundlich isotherm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the assumption of the BET isotherm?

    <p>Adsorption occurs in multiple homogeneous layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key application of adsorption isotherms?

    <p>Measuring the porosity of an adsorbent surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the parameter $1/n$ represent in the Freundlich isotherm equation?

    <p>The intensity or favorability of adsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation?

    <p>To calculate the vapor pressure of a substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about physisorption and chemisorption is true?

    <p>Chemisorption involves covalent bonding, while physisorption involves non-covalent bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adsorption isotherms assumes a homogeneous adsorbent surface with equal energy of adsorption sites?

    <p>Langmuir isotherm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which analytical method is used to measure the total organic carbon (TOC) in a sample?

    <p>Gas chromatography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) methods?

    <p>COD uses chemical oxidation, while BOD uses biological oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the octanol-water partition coefficient (K_ow)?

    <p>To predict the bioaccumulation potential of a pollutant in organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the solubility of solids in aqueous medium is true?

    <p>The common ion effect decreases the solubility of a salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary assumption of the Freundlich isotherm for adsorption?

    <p>The adsorbent surface is heterogeneous with different adsorption sites and energies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following analytical methods is used to measure the odor intensity of a pollutant?

    <p>Odor index (OI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the mobility of metal toxicants in bodies of water and soil?

    <p>Solubility and adsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation used to calculate vapor density?

    <p>Vapor Pressure = sample/air = Msample/(0.78 × MN2 + 0.21 × MO2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of adsorption is characterized by a strong, short-distance interaction and is irreversible?

    <p>Chemisorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Winkler method?

    <p>To determine the dissolved oxygen content in a sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) test is correct?

    <p>It measures the oxygen demand of biodegradable organic matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the octanol-water ratio (Kow)?

    <p>To assess the partitioning of a pollutant between octanol and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the odor index (OI)?

    <p>To quantify the odor perception of a pollutant based on its vapor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle is used to determine the solubility of solids in an aqueous medium?

    <p>Solubility rules and Ksp values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the total organic carbon (TOC) analysis?

    <p>To determine the presence of microorganisms in a sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law relates the solubility of a gas in a liquid to its partial pressure?

    <p>Henry's law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis?

    <p>To measure the oxygen demand of both organic and inorganic substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between pH and the solubility of pollutants?

    <p>pH can increase or decrease the solubility of pollutants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about physisorption is true?

    <p>It involves weak, long-range van der Waals interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Winkler method for determining dissolved oxygen, what is the relationship between the amount of oxygen and the amount of thiosulfate ions (S2O3^2-)?

    <p>1 mol of O2 → 4 mol of S2O3^2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary interference in the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) analysis?

    <p>Chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) analysis?

    <p>To measure the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria during the decomposition of organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about chemisorption is true?

    <p>It involves strong, short-range chemical bonding involving orbital overlap and charge transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis?

    <p>To measure the organic carbon concentration in a substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT affect the amount of dissolved oxygen in water?

    <p>pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the equation for the solubility of CO2 in water, what is the relationship between HCO3^- and CO3^2-?

    <p>HCO3^- + H^+ ↔ CO3^2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the equilibrium constant (Kc) and the acid dissociation constants (Ka) for the dissolution of CaCO3 in a weak acid (H2CO3)?

    <p>Kc = Ksp × 1/Ka1 × 1/Ka2</p> Signup and view all the answers

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