Types of Computers

Study Notes

Types of Computers

Computers are classified into various types depending on factors like size, performance, and capacity
Supercomputers:
- Most powerful in terms of speed and accuracy
- Used to solve complex mathematical computations
- Capable of executing trillions of instructions per second
- Operating systems are generally based on the Linux kernel
- Handle exhaustive scientific applications requiring complex, real-time processing
- Cluster system computing: using multiple processors in one system, rather than separate computers in a grid
Mainframe Computers:
- Large-sized computer types
- Equally powerful as others but computation ability is lower than supercomputers
- Designed like large file servers, enabling access to resources for multiple users from nearby and remote locations simultaneously
- Manage massive amounts of data (input/output) simultaneously
- Popular for businesses and large organizations (e.g., ATM transactions)
Minicomputers:
- General-purpose devices with lower costs compared to larger systems
- Processing power falls between mainframes and personal computers
- Historically used for dedicated control assignments in mid-range organizations (e.g., monitoring manufacturing activities)
Servers:
- Provide resources, services, and capabilities to client computers in a client-server network
- Optimized to run 24/7 and support hot-swapping of components (storage, hardware) without system shutdown
- Functions can include file serving, database management, print management, application support, and web hosting
Microcomputers (Desktop) :
- Smallest, least expensive, and most commonly used type of computer
- Possess limited memory and processing power compared to larger systems
- Physically smaller and accommodate fewer peripherals
- Consist of separate components (system unit, monitor, mouse, keyboard)
Microcomputers (Single Unit Systems) :
- Desktop computers with the monitor and system unit combined within a single unit
- Connected to peripherals (mouse, keyboard, etc.) through USB ports
Microcomputers (Video Game Consoles) :
- Generally contain similar hardware components to computers, but with less-advanced capabilities
- Typically less expensive than high-end gaming computers
Mobile Computers (Laptops, Netbooks, Tablets, Smartphones):
- Portable devices optimized for use on-the-go and battery operation
- Laptop computers: lightweight PCs with thin screens
- Netbooks: smaller and less powerful laptops, primarily focusing on web browsing, communication, and cloud computing
- Tablets: mobile computers with touch screens enabling user interaction through pens or fingers
- Smartphones: feature-rich mobile phones supporting apps and multiple functionalities
- Features:
  - Extended battery life
  - Wireless capabilities (Wi-Fi)
  - Portability