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Questions and Answers
What does 'SI' stand for in the context of statutory instruments?
What does 'SI' stand for in the context of statutory instruments?
Which element is NOT part of the citation for reported judgments?
Which element is NOT part of the citation for reported judgments?
What does 'No 24 of 1986' signify in the context of statutory instruments?
What does 'No 24 of 1986' signify in the context of statutory instruments?
Which part of the citation indicates the page number where the case begins?
Which part of the citation indicates the page number where the case begins?
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How many elements are typically included in the citation of a reported judgment?
How many elements are typically included in the citation of a reported judgment?
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What function do statutory instruments serve in relation to existing Acts of Parliament?
What function do statutory instruments serve in relation to existing Acts of Parliament?
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In the citation 'Chan v Ombudsman Commission PNGLR 171 at 173', what does 'at 173' indicate?
In the citation 'Chan v Ombudsman Commission PNGLR 171 at 173', what does 'at 173' indicate?
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What is NOT typically included in the elements of citation for unreported judgments?
What is NOT typically included in the elements of citation for unreported judgments?
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What is the primary role of the Trade Marks Regulation?
What is the primary role of the Trade Marks Regulation?
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Which citation element specifies a law report in a case citation?
Which citation element specifies a law report in a case citation?
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What information is NOT typically included in a newspaper citation?
What information is NOT typically included in a newspaper citation?
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In a citation from the World Wide Web, which component directly follows the title?
In a citation from the World Wide Web, which component directly follows the title?
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In the citation format for criminal cases, how is the case name structured?
In the citation format for criminal cases, how is the case name structured?
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Which of the following elements is included in the Gazette citation?
Which of the following elements is included in the Gazette citation?
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What is the purpose of the page number in a citation?
What is the purpose of the page number in a citation?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of oral citations for civil cases?
Which of the following is NOT a component of oral citations for civil cases?
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In a World Wide Web citation, what comes after the volume number?
In a World Wide Web citation, what comes after the volume number?
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Which component is essential for correctly identifying a newspaper citation?
Which component is essential for correctly identifying a newspaper citation?
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Which of the following citations would require the use of 'against' in its structure?
Which of the following citations would require the use of 'against' in its structure?
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What is included in the citation of the Ben White article?
What is included in the citation of the Ben White article?
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What does 's' stand for in statute citations?
What does 's' stand for in statute citations?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of citation mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a type of citation mentioned?
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In a statute citation, what does the term 'Ch' commonly refer to?
In a statute citation, what does the term 'Ch' commonly refer to?
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What information does 'No 17 of 1986' convey in a citation?
What information does 'No 17 of 1986' convey in a citation?
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Which citation type is specifically used for online sources?
Which citation type is specifically used for online sources?
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In statutory citations like 'Trade Marks (Amendment) Regulation 1986 SI No 24 of 1986', what does 'SI' stand for?
In statutory citations like 'Trade Marks (Amendment) Regulation 1986 SI No 24 of 1986', what does 'SI' stand for?
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Which part of a statute citation identifies the specific amendment?
Which part of a statute citation identifies the specific amendment?
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Which citation example reflects an unreported judgment?
Which citation example reflects an unreported judgment?
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What does the term 'c' in 'Defence Act c 74 s 2' signify?
What does the term 'c' in 'Defence Act c 74 s 2' signify?
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What does 'Amendment No 2' signify in a citation?
What does 'Amendment No 2' signify in a citation?
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What does SCR stand for in legal case citation?
What does SCR stand for in legal case citation?
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In the reference 'R No 2 of 1985: Masive v Okuk', what does 'R No 2' signify?
In the reference 'R No 2 of 1985: Masive v Okuk', what does 'R No 2' signify?
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Which year corresponds to the case 'The State v Embogol'?
Which year corresponds to the case 'The State v Embogol'?
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In legal citations, what typically indicates an unreported case?
In legal citations, what typically indicates an unreported case?
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What type of report is indicated by 'AC' in the citation 'Ridge v Baldwin AC 40'?
What type of report is indicated by 'AC' in the citation 'Ridge v Baldwin AC 40'?
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Which of the following elements is NOT included in a book citation?
Which of the following elements is NOT included in a book citation?
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What format does the title of a journal article use in citations?
What format does the title of a journal article use in citations?
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In the citation 'TE Barnett, “Law and Legal System” in P Ryan (ed), Encyclopedia of Papua and New Guinea', what does 'ed' signify?
In the citation 'TE Barnett, “Law and Legal System” in P Ryan (ed), Encyclopedia of Papua and New Guinea', what does 'ed' signify?
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What aspect is indicated by the term 'type of case' in foreign judgment citations?
What aspect is indicated by the term 'type of case' in foreign judgment citations?
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Which of the following is a correct format for book citation?
Which of the following is a correct format for book citation?
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Study Notes
Types of Citations
- Statute citations identify laws, typically including the title, chapter, and section.
- Case citations detail legal judgments, categorized into reported, unreported, and foreign judgments.
- Book citations require the author's name, title, place of publication, publisher, year, and page number.
- Journal article citations include the author's name, title (in quotes), editor, book title, publication place, year, volume, and page number.
- Newspaper citations provide the newspaper name, place of publication, publication date, page number, and column number.
- Gazette citations specify the title, name of the province, publication date, and page number.
- Web citations cover the author, title, publication year, volume, issue, URL, and paragraph number.
- Oral citations differ for civil and criminal cases, with unique nomenclature.
Citation of Statutes
- Format: Title, Chapter, Section (e.g., Defence Act c 74 s 2).
- Amendment acts include the year and number (e.g., Criminal Code (Amendment No 2) Act 1986 No 17 of 1986 s3).
Citation of Case Law
- Reported Judgments: format includes case name, year, volume, report abbreviation, and page number (e.g., Grant v Australian Knitting Mills Ltd AC 85).
- Unreported Judgments: state the case name, year, and indicate unreported status (e.g., The State v Embogol (1977) Unreported N91).
- Foreign Judgments: include case name, year, volume, type, and page number (e.g., Ridge v Baldwin AC 40).
Reported vs. Unreported Judgments
- Reported judgments follow a structured format with additional elements highlighting volume and specific page references.
- Unreported judgments emphasize their status without the same reporting obligations.
Variations in Reported Case Citations
- Case name may vary based on the specifics of the reporting (e.g., Chan v Ombudsman Commission PNGLR 171 at 173).
- Page number indicates where details can be found within the volume (e.g., Masive v Okuk PNGLR 263 at 265).
Book Citations
- Proper format: Author, Title, Place of Publication, Publisher, Year of Publication, Page Number (e.g., J Goldring, The Constitution of Papua New Guinea, Melbourne: The Law Book).
Journal Article Citations
- Structure includes the author's name, title (in quotes), editor, book title, publication place, year, volume, and page number (e.g., TE Barnett, “Law and Legal System”).
Newspaper Citations
- Key details: Newspaper Name, Place of Publication, Date of Publication, Page Number, Column Number (e.g., Wantok (Port Moresby) 4 April 1983 p10 col 3).
Gazette Citations
- Need to include the title, province name, date, and page number (e.g., National Gazette 6 October 1983 p842).
Web Citations
- Format should cover author, title, publication year, volume, issue, URL, and paragraph number (e.g., Ben White, ‘Racial Vilification and the Freedom of Speech’).
Oral Citations
- Civil cases use combined names (e.g., Raymond v Honey as Raymond and Honey).
- Criminal cases follow structured phrasing (e.g., The State v Aia Peto as The State against Aia Peto).
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Description
This quiz covers various types of citations used in legal writing, including statute, case, book, journal article, newspaper, gazette, and web citations. You will learn the specific formats and requirements for accurately citing different legal documents. Test your knowledge of citation styles and enhance your legal writing skills.
