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Types of Citations in Legal Writing
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Types of Citations in Legal Writing

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@ConfidentFallingAction

Questions and Answers

What does 'SI' stand for in the context of statutory instruments?

  • Standard Instruction
  • Statutory Instrument (correct)
  • Secondary Implementation
  • Statutory Initiative

    • Which element is NOT part of the citation for reported judgments?

  • Judge's opinion (correct)
  • Volume
  • Case name
  • Year

    • What does 'No 24 of 1986' signify in the context of statutory instruments?

  • It specifies the pages included in the legislation.
  • It indicates the first legal amendment of that year.
  • It denotes the 24th statutory instrument released in 1986. (correct)
  • It refers to the 1986 Trade Marks Regulation.

    • Which part of the citation indicates the page number where the case begins?

    <p>Page number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many elements are typically included in the citation of a reported judgment?

    <p>5 elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do statutory instruments serve in relation to existing Acts of Parliament?

    <p>They provide updates and amendments to existing laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the citation 'Chan v Ombudsman Commission PNGLR 171 at 173', what does 'at 173' indicate?

    <p>The exact page where a detail is cited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT typically included in the elements of citation for unreported judgments?

    <p>Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Trade Marks Regulation?

    <p>To create amendments related to trade marks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which citation element specifies a law report in a case citation?

    <p>Abbreviated name of the law report</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is NOT typically included in a newspaper citation?

    <p>Issue Number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a citation from the World Wide Web, which component directly follows the title?

    <p>Year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the citation format for criminal cases, how is the case name structured?

    <p>The State against Defendant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is included in the Gazette citation?

    <p>Name of Province</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the page number in a citation?

    <p>To locate specific information within the source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of oral citations for civil cases?

    <p>Date of judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a World Wide Web citation, what comes after the volume number?

    <p>Paragraph Number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is essential for correctly identifying a newspaper citation?

    <p>Page number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following citations would require the use of 'against' in its structure?

    <p>The State v Aia Peto</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the citation of the Ben White article?

    <p>URL link</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 's' stand for in statute citations?

    <p>Section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of citation mentioned?

    <p>Interview Citations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a statute citation, what does the term 'Ch' commonly refer to?

    <p>Chapter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information does 'No 17 of 1986' convey in a citation?

    <p>The number of the statute and the year passed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which citation type is specifically used for online sources?

    <p>World Wide Web Citations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In statutory citations like 'Trade Marks (Amendment) Regulation 1986 SI No 24 of 1986', what does 'SI' stand for?

    <p>Statutory Instrument</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a statute citation identifies the specific amendment?

    <p>The title</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which citation example reflects an unreported judgment?

    <p>Specific examples do not include any unreported judgments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'c' in 'Defence Act c 74 s 2' signify?

    <p>Citation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Amendment No 2' signify in a citation?

    <p>The second amendment made</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does SCR stand for in legal case citation?

    <p>Special Case Review</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the reference 'R No 2 of 1985: Masive v Okuk', what does 'R No 2' signify?

    <p>Second Special Case Review</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which year corresponds to the case 'The State v Embogol'?

    <p>1977</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In legal citations, what typically indicates an unreported case?

    <p>N91</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of report is indicated by 'AC' in the citation 'Ridge v Baldwin AC 40'?

    <p>Appellate Court</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is NOT included in a book citation?

    <p>Author's Nationality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What format does the title of a journal article use in citations?

    <p>In double quotations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the citation 'TE Barnett, “Law and Legal System” in P Ryan (ed), Encyclopedia of Papua and New Guinea', what does 'ed' signify?

    <p>Editor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect is indicated by the term 'type of case' in foreign judgment citations?

    <p>Nature of the judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a correct format for book citation?

    <p>Author, Title, Year, Publisher, Place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Citations

    • Statute citations identify laws, typically including the title, chapter, and section.
    • Case citations detail legal judgments, categorized into reported, unreported, and foreign judgments.
    • Book citations require the author's name, title, place of publication, publisher, year, and page number.
    • Journal article citations include the author's name, title (in quotes), editor, book title, publication place, year, volume, and page number.
    • Newspaper citations provide the newspaper name, place of publication, publication date, page number, and column number.
    • Gazette citations specify the title, name of the province, publication date, and page number.
    • Web citations cover the author, title, publication year, volume, issue, URL, and paragraph number.
    • Oral citations differ for civil and criminal cases, with unique nomenclature.

    Citation of Statutes

    • Format: Title, Chapter, Section (e.g., Defence Act c 74 s 2).
    • Amendment acts include the year and number (e.g., Criminal Code (Amendment No 2) Act 1986 No 17 of 1986 s3).

    Citation of Case Law

    • Reported Judgments: format includes case name, year, volume, report abbreviation, and page number (e.g., Grant v Australian Knitting Mills Ltd AC 85).
    • Unreported Judgments: state the case name, year, and indicate unreported status (e.g., The State v Embogol (1977) Unreported N91).
    • Foreign Judgments: include case name, year, volume, type, and page number (e.g., Ridge v Baldwin AC 40).

    Reported vs. Unreported Judgments

    • Reported judgments follow a structured format with additional elements highlighting volume and specific page references.
    • Unreported judgments emphasize their status without the same reporting obligations.

    Variations in Reported Case Citations

    • Case name may vary based on the specifics of the reporting (e.g., Chan v Ombudsman Commission PNGLR 171 at 173).
    • Page number indicates where details can be found within the volume (e.g., Masive v Okuk PNGLR 263 at 265).

    Book Citations

    • Proper format: Author, Title, Place of Publication, Publisher, Year of Publication, Page Number (e.g., J Goldring, The Constitution of Papua New Guinea, Melbourne: The Law Book).

    Journal Article Citations

    • Structure includes the author's name, title (in quotes), editor, book title, publication place, year, volume, and page number (e.g., TE Barnett, “Law and Legal System”).

    Newspaper Citations

    • Key details: Newspaper Name, Place of Publication, Date of Publication, Page Number, Column Number (e.g., Wantok (Port Moresby) 4 April 1983 p10 col 3).

    Gazette Citations

    • Need to include the title, province name, date, and page number (e.g., National Gazette 6 October 1983 p842).

    Web Citations

    • Format should cover author, title, publication year, volume, issue, URL, and paragraph number (e.g., Ben White, ‘Racial Vilification and the Freedom of Speech’).

    Oral Citations

    • Civil cases use combined names (e.g., Raymond v Honey as Raymond and Honey).
    • Criminal cases follow structured phrasing (e.g., The State v Aia Peto as The State against Aia Peto).

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    Description

    This quiz covers various types of citations used in legal writing, including statute, case, book, journal article, newspaper, gazette, and web citations. You will learn the specific formats and requirements for accurately citing different legal documents. Test your knowledge of citation styles and enhance your legal writing skills.

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