18 Questions
What type of chemical reaction involves two or more simple substances combining to form a compound substance?
Combination
In which type of chemical reaction does a compound substance break apart into simpler substances?
Decomposition
What occurs in a single displacement chemical reaction?
One element replaces another in a compound substance
Which type of chemical reaction involves compound substances swapping places with each other?
Double replacement
When elements burn to produce oxides, what type of chemical reaction is this?
Combustion
Which rule states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction?
The Law of Conservation of Mass
What does acidity refer to?
The tendency of a substance to release protons
How is acidity commonly measured?
By determining the acidity index, often expressed as pH
What does oxidation state indicate?
The degree of oxidization or reduction of an atom within a molecule
In terms of acidity, what do lower pH numbers represent?
Higher acidity
What is the role of a base in a solution?
Accept protons
How do electron-rich atoms tend to behave in terms of charge?
Tend to have a negative charge
Which type of property describes a substance's ability to resist decomposition upon heating?
Physical properties
What category of properties focuses on how a substance interacts with its surrounding medium?
Solvation properties
Which set of properties are observed during a chemical reaction and determine a substance's potential reactivity?
Chemical properties
A substance that degrades quickly upon heating exhibits:
Low thermal stability
When discussing the acidity of a substance, which category of properties is being examined?
Chemical properties
Which property set is associated with the tendency of a substance to undergo reactions involving electron transfer?
Chemical properties
Study Notes
Types of Chemical Reactions
Chemical reactions involve the formation or breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, changing chemical substances into others. There are several main categories of chemical reactions:
- Combination: Two or more simple substances combine to form a compound substance. Example: Hydrogen gas combines with chlorine gas to produce hydrochloric acid.
- Decomposition: A compound substance breaks apart into simpler substances. Example: Water decomposes into hydrogen and oxygen gases through electrolysis.
- Single displacement: One element replaces another in a compound substance. Example: Silver iodide reacts with copper sulfate, producing silver sulfide and copper iodide.
- Double replacement: Compound substances swap places with each other. Example: Lead nitrate reacts with potassium chloride, producing lead chloride and potassium nitrate.
- Combustion: Elements burn to produce oxides. Example: Charcoal burns in air to produce carbon dioxide and steam.
- Acid-base neutralization: Acids and bases react to form salts and water. Example: Vinegar (acetic acid) mixed with baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) produces sodium acetate, water, and carbon dioxide.
These reactions follow rules like the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. Therefore, the total weight of the reactants before a reaction equals the combined weights of the products after the reaction.
Learn about the main categories of chemical reactions, including combination, decomposition, single displacement, double replacement, combustion, and acid-base neutralization. Understand the rules governing chemical reactions, such as the Law of Conservation of Mass.
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