Types of Cement Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which type of cement is not suitable for constructions exposed to frequent freezing-and-thawing conditions?

  • Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement
  • Regular Portland Cement (correct)
  • Low Heat Portland Cement
  • Quick Setting Portland Cement

    • What is a primary benefit of using sulphate resisting cement?

  • It remains stable in high temperature conditions.
  • It sets quickly in wet conditions.
  • It protects against sulphate attack. (correct)
  • It evolves low heat during setting.

    • What is the maximum allowable expansion for low heat Portland cement when tested by the autoclave method?

  • 20 mm
  • 10 mm (correct)
  • 5 mm
  • 15 mm

    • In which scenario is quick setting Portland cement most beneficial?

    <p>In underwater applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of white and colored Portland cement is highlighted?

    <p>Reduced compressive strength compared to 33 grade ordinary cement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended storage method for Portland cement to avoid moisture?

    <p>Keep in airtight rooms at a height from the floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cement is specifically mentioned as suitable for mass concrete works?

    <p>Low Heat Portland Cement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following uses is NOT typically associated with Portland puzzolana cement?

    <p>Underwater constructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Rapid Hardening Portland Cement that distinguishes it from Ordinary Portland Cement?

    <p>It achieves the same strength in one day as ordinary cement does in three days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cement is particularly resistant to acidic water and is commonly used in refractory applications?

    <p>High Alumina Cement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional material can be added during the manufacturing of Rapid Hardening Portland Cement to control its setting rate?

    <p>Gypsum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cement should not be used in temperatures exceeding 18°C?

    <p>High Alumina Cement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cost difference of Rapid Hardening Cement compared to Ordinary Cement?

    <p>It is 10 percent more expensive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of construction is Supersulphated Portland Cement predominantly preferred?

    <p>Hydraulic engineering installations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of using Rapid Hardening Portland Cement?

    <p>It is more expensive than Ordinary Portland Cement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key property of Supersulphated Portland Cement that makes it suitable for use in moist media?

    <p>Its high water-resisting property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about types of cement is incorrect?

    <p>Portland cement is an example of natural cement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature range typically found in a cement kiln?

    <p>1300 to 1500° C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon describes the quick setting of cement due to high components?

    <p>Flash set</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the incorrect statement regarding hydraulic structures cured with cement.

    <p>Setting and hardening of cement stop as soon as concrete becomes dry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of heat evolution rate, which compound ranks lowest?

    <p>C2S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sequence correctly lists the hydration heat of Bogue compounds in descending order?

    <p>C3S, C2S, C3A, C4AF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percent of bound water by weight is required for complete hydration of cement?

    <p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs is not matched correctly in relation to cement?

    <p>C4AF - high strength development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum surface area in mm²/g for Ordinary Portland cement?

    <p>3250</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound should be reduced to produce low heat cements?

    <p>C3A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal water-to-cement ratio needed for complete hydration of cement?

    <p>More than 0.35 but less than 0.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components are used to produce high alumina cement?

    <p>Limestone, gypsum, bauxite, clay, and chalk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statements contribute to the high early strength of cement?

    <p>Fine grinding and burning at higher temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct ascending order of the proportions of the four main oxides in ordinary Portland cement?

    <p>Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, SiO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which apparatus is used to test the consistency of cement?

    <p>Vicat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using the Le-Chatelier apparatus?

    <p>To determine soundness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cement is characterized by greater resistance to frost attack?

    <p>Hydrophobic Portland cement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is associated with Rapid Hardening Cement?

    <p>Produces a higher percentage of C3S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oxide is expected to have the highest percentage in ordinary Portland cement?

    <p>SiO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is false about Low Heat Cement?

    <p>It is suitable for very large masses of concrete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of High Alumina Cement compared to Ordinary Portland Cement?

    <p>It demonstrates higher early compressive strength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is associated with Sulphate Resistant Cement?

    <p>It prevents shrinkage under high temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The correct increasing order of oxides in ordinary Portland cement is?

    <p>SiO2, Al2O3, CaO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cement is likely to be stored safely under unfavorable humidity conditions?

    <p>Hydrophobic Portland Cement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Cement

    • Rapid Hardening Portland Cement (RHC)
      • High lime content due to increased C3S content.
      • Achieved through very fine grinding (450 m2/kg).
      • Hardens faster than ordinary cement (same strength in one day versus 3 days for ordinary).
      • Has high shrinkage and water requirement.
      • Cost is around 10% more than ordinary cement.
      • Useful for:
        • Repair of roads and bridges.
        • Applications where load is applied quickly.

    High Alumina Cement

    • Has great resistance to fire, seawater, acidic water and sulfates.
    • Used in refractory concrete and precasting.
    • Should not be used in environments with temperatures exceeding 18°C.

    Supersulfated Portland Cement

    • Similar applications to ordinary Portland cement.
    • Preferred for hydraulic engineering due to its higher water-resisting properties.
    • Utilized in:
      • Concrete structures in sulfate-bearing soils.
      • Sewers carrying industrial waste.
      • Concrete exposed to strong mineral acids.
    • Not ideal for:
      • Frequent freezing-and-thawing conditions.
      • Moistening-and-drying conditions.

    Sulfate Resisting Portland Cement

    • Best for concrete exposed to sulfate attack, such as:
      • Sulfate-rich soils or groundwaters.
      • Concrete in contact with seawater.

    Low Heat Portland Cement

    • Evolves less heat during setting and hardening.
    • Meets specific expansion limits:
      • Le Chatelier method: <10 mm
      • Autoclave test: <0.8%
    • Setting time requirements:
      • Initial setting time: >60 minutes
      • Final setting time: <600 minutes
    • Best for:
      • Large mass concrete structures like dams or raft foundations.

    Portland Puzzolana Cement

    • Low heat evolution similar to Low Heat Portland Cement.
    • Used in:
      • Mass concrete structures (dams)
      • High temperature environments.

    Quick Setting Portland Cement

    • Used for concrete laid under water or in running water.

    White and Colored Portland Cement

    • Strength is 90% of 33 grade Ordinary Portland Cement.
    • Used for:
      • Terrazzo flooring.
      • Face plaster (stucco)
      • Ornamental works.
      • Casting stones.

    Air Entraining Agent

    • No details provided for this cement type.

    Storing Cement

    • Stored in 50 kg sacks (0.035 m3) for local use.
    • Stored short term in airtight rooms to avoid moisture and dampness:
      • Keep distance from walls.
      • Stored at some height from the floor.
      • Stack should be covered to prevent air circulation.
      • No more than 10 bags should be stacked per level.

    Cement Properties and Composition

    • Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is a hydraulic cement, used in most civil engineering applications.
    • Calcareous Cements are used for civil work.
    • Flash Set is a rapid setting of cement due to high tricalcium aluminate (C3A) content.
    • For concrete exposed to seawater, use a cement with a lower C3S and higher C2S percentage.
    • C-S-H gel, also called tobermorite gel, is formed during cement hydration.
    • The compound C4AF is responsible for stiffening, without strength development.
    • The rate of heat evolution of different cement compounds is:
      • C3A > C4AF > C3S > C2S
    • The heat of hydration for different cement compounds is:
      • C3S > C3A > C2S > C4AF
    • Complete hydration requires around 23% water, by weight.
    • Ordinary Portland cement should have a surface area of at least 3250 mm2/g x102.
    • Lowering the C3A content creates low heat cements.
    • To achieve complete hydration of cement, a water-to-cement ratio of 0.25 to 0.35 is required.
    • High alumina cement is produced from limestone, bauxite, and gypsum.
    • Achieving high early strength in cement involves:
      • Fine grinding.
      • Burning at higher temperatures.
    • Key oxides present in OPC ranked in ascending order of their typical proportion:
      • Fe2O3 < SiO2 < Al2O3 < CaO
    • Air Entraining Portland Cement enhances resistance to frost attack.
    • Low heat Portland Cement is suitable for large structures.
    • Hydrophobic Portland Cement allows for safe storage in humid environments.
    • Rapid Hardening Portland Cement is unsuitable for large masses of concrete.
    • Ordinary Portland Cement's C3S content is highest (around 50%).
    • Rapid Hardening Cement has similar C2S and C3S content (around 40%).
    • Low Heat Cement uses silica in its burning process to create strength.
    • Sulfate Resisting Cement prevents brick shrinkage at high temperatures.
    • The three main oxides found in cement, in increasing order of their percentage in OPC:
      • Al2O3 < SiO2 < CaO

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    Description

    This quiz explores various types of cement, including Rapid Hardening Portland Cement, High Alumina Cement, and Supersulfated Portland Cement. Learn about their unique properties, applications, and suitability for different environments. Test your knowledge on how these cements differ and their specific uses in construction.

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