Types of Catalysis
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Questions and Answers

Which type of catalysis involves a catalyst and reactants in the same phase?

  • Homogeneous catalysis (correct)
  • Heterogeneous catalysis
  • Enzyme catalysis
  • Biocatalysis

    • What is a characteristic of heterogeneous catalysis?

  • High selectivity
  • Difficult separation from the reaction mixture (correct)
  • Operative under mild conditions
  • Same phase between catalyst and reactants

    • Which biochemical compound is primarily involved in enzyme catalysis?

  • Proteins (correct)
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Nucleic acids

    • Which type of catalysis is known for its high activity and selectivity?

    <p>Enzyme catalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of homogeneous catalysis?

    <p>Same phase between catalyst and reactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of catalysis is characterized by low environmental friendliness?

    <p>Homogeneous catalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of enzyme catalysis?

    <p>Low environmental impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of catalysis is more eco-friendly and easy to handle?

    <p>Heterogeneous catalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of homogeneous catalysis?

    <p>High selectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of catalysis is characterized by the catalyst existing in a different phase than the reaction mixture?

    <p>Heterogeneous catalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of heterogeneous catalysis in terms of separation from the reaction mixture?

    <p>Easy separation and reutilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of catalysis is known for its high activity and selectivity?

    <p>Enzyme catalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between reactants and catalyst in homogeneous catalysis?

    <p>They are in the same phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the environmental impact of homogeneous catalysis?

    <p>Less environmental friendly due to the formation of toxic products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the catalyst in heterogeneous catalysis?

    <p>It is a solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of biochemical catalysts in the body?

    <p>To speed up biochemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major reason for the slow reaction between S2O82- and 2Fe2+ in water?

    <p>Repulsion between the negative ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Co2(CO)8 in the carbonylation of methanol?

    <p>Catalyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the hydrolysis of nitramide in the presence of OH- ions?

    <p>N2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of NO in the oxidation of SO2?

    <p>Intermediate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the catalyst used in the Freidel-Craft's reaction?

    <p>Anhydrous AlCl3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using iron(II) as a catalyst in the reaction between S2O82- and 2Fe2+?

    <p>To avoid the problem of repulsion between negative ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chlorine in the decomposition of ozone?

    <p>Catalyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of homogeneous catalysis?

    <p>High selectivity and high reactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common feature of the mechanisms of the catalyzed reactions mentioned in the text?

    <p>They all involve a catalyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phase do the reactants and catalyst exist in for heterogeneous catalysis?

    <p>Different phases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of catalysis is known for its high activity and high selectivity?

    <p>Enzyme catalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phase of the catalyst in most heterogeneous catalysis?

    <p>Solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following catalysis types involves reactants and the catalyst in the same phase?

    <p>Homogeneous catalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of enzyme catalysis in terms of selectivity and activity?

    <p>High activity and high selectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the breakdown of ozone molecules?

    <p>We experience more intense UV radiation at the earth's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the catalyst in homogeneous catalytic processes?

    <p>To reduce the activation energy involved in the formation of intermediates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theory that explains the mechanism of catalytic reaction?

    <p>The theory of activated complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation that represents the acceleration of the catalytic reaction?

    <p>e-Ecat/RT / e-Enon-cat/RT = e ΔE/RT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a reduction in activation energy of 10 Kcal/mol in a catalytic reaction at 300K?

    <p>The rate will be accelerated by 2.05 x 10^7 times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intermediate compound formed in the catalytic reaction?

    <p>AC and ABC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final product formed in the catalytic reaction?

    <p>P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the activated complex formed in the catalytic reaction?

    <p>It is highly reactive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Catalysis

    • There are three classes of catalytic reactions: homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, and enzyme catalysis (biocatalysis).

    Homogeneous Catalysis

    • The catalyst is in the same phase as the reaction mixture.
    • Characterized by high selectivity and high activity with maximum selectivity.
    • Operates under mild conditions, i.e., thermal unstable.
    • Difficult separation from the reaction mixture and reutilization of the catalyst is less possible.
    • Less environmental friendly due to the formation of toxic products.
    • Examples include:
      • Reaction between persulphate and iodide ions
      • Carbonylation of methanol
      • Hydrolysis of nitramide in presence of OH- ions
      • Oxidation of SO2 in presence of NO
      • Decomposition of H2O2 in presence of dichromate
      • Freidel-Craft's reaction
      • Decomposition of ozone (hole of ozone)

    Heterogeneous Catalysis

    • The catalyst acts in a different phase than the reaction mixture.
    • Characterized by relatively high activity with perhaps low selectivity.
    • Most heterogeneous catalysts are solids that act on reactants in a liquid or gaseous reaction mixture.
    • Easy separation from the reaction mixture and reutilization of the catalyst is possible.
    • Eco-friendly, easy to handle, and can be operated at strong reaction conditions.
    • Most heterogeneous catalysts are solids acting on reactants in a liquid or gaseous phase.

    Enzyme Catalysis (Biocatalysis)

    • Biochemical catalysts are helpful to speed up biochemical reactions in the body.
    • Made up of proteins.
    • Characterized by high activity and selectivity.
    • Low environmental impact.
    • Primarily consists of proteins.

    Key Concepts

    • The theory of activated complex (intermediate compound theory) can be used to explain the mechanism of the catalytic reaction.
    • The catalyst converts the reactant into an unstable intermediate (a high reactive state).
    • An activated complex is formed due to the interaction between the intermediate compound and the second reactant.
    • The unstable activated complex is relatively slowly dissociated to the final reaction product.
    • The catalytic reaction will be accelerated by a reduction in activation energy.
    • The rate of reaction can be accelerated by a factor of 2.05 x 10^7 times for a reduction in activation energy of 10 Kcal/mol in a catalytic reaction at 300K.

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    Description

    Learn about the different types of catalysis, including homogeneous, heterogeneous, and biocatalysis, and their characteristics.

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