Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of agriculture is characterized by the integration of crops and livestock?
Which type of agriculture is characterized by the integration of crops and livestock?
What type of climate is predominantly associated with Mediterranean agriculture?
What type of climate is predominantly associated with Mediterranean agriculture?
In which type of agriculture are crops primarily grown to feed livestock rather than for human consumption?
In which type of agriculture are crops primarily grown to feed livestock rather than for human consumption?
Which of the following crops is most likely associated with plantation agriculture?
Which of the following crops is most likely associated with plantation agriculture?
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What farming method involves moving from field to field and is known for its slash-and-burn technique?
What farming method involves moving from field to field and is known for its slash-and-burn technique?
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Which agricultural practice relies mainly on animal sources for survival rather than profit?
Which agricultural practice relies mainly on animal sources for survival rather than profit?
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What distinguishes intensive agriculture from extensive agriculture?
What distinguishes intensive agriculture from extensive agriculture?
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Which crops are typically associated with a tropical climate?
Which crops are typically associated with a tropical climate?
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What type of farming primarily focuses on growing crops for human consumption?
What type of farming primarily focuses on growing crops for human consumption?
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Which rural settlement pattern features families living in close proximity to one another?
Which rural settlement pattern features families living in close proximity to one another?
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What was a primary effect of the Second Agricultural Revolution?
What was a primary effect of the Second Agricultural Revolution?
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What agricultural advancement became prominent during the Green Revolution?
What agricultural advancement became prominent during the Green Revolution?
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Which of the following best describes metes and bounds?
Which of the following best describes metes and bounds?
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Which factor is typically common among agricultural hearths?
Which factor is typically common among agricultural hearths?
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What was a key consequence of the Enclosure Movement?
What was a key consequence of the Enclosure Movement?
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Which of the following could negatively impact biodiversity in agriculture?
Which of the following could negatively impact biodiversity in agriculture?
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What is the main goal of subsistence agriculture?
What is the main goal of subsistence agriculture?
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The Columbian Exchange primarily involved the exchange of which of the following?
The Columbian Exchange primarily involved the exchange of which of the following?
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Study Notes
Agriculture Types and Characteristics
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Agriculture: Modifying the environment to raise plants or animals for food or other uses
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Mediterranean Climate: Hot/dry summers, mild winters, defined rainy seasons. Produces grapes, olives, figs, dates, tomatoes, zucchini, wheat, and barley. Found along Mediterranean coast, parts of California, Oregon, Chile, South Africa, and Australia.
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Tropical Climate: Hot, humid climate. Produces cassava, bananas, sugarcane, sweet potatoes, papaya, rice, and maize.
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Extensive Agriculture: Uses small amounts of labor on a large area of land.
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Intensive Agriculture: Uses a lot of labor on a small area of land.
Types of Agriculture
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Market Gardening (Intensive): Southeastern US, California, Southeastern Australia. Produces fresh fruits and vegetables, lettuce, broccoli, apples, oranges, and tomatoes. Many sold to processors.
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Plantation Agriculture (Intensive): Tropical climates. Specializes in one crop for global transport; e.g., cacao, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, bananas, tobacco, tea, coconuts, cotton.
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Mixed Crop/Livestock (Intensive): Cold & Warm Mid-Latitude climates. Integrates crops and livestock; crops fed to animals. Example crops include corn, grains, and soybeans.
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Shifting Cultivation (Extensive): Farmers move from one field to another; known as slash-and-burn agriculture. Cleared land using fire, fertilize the land. Move to new plots when soil loses fertility. Produces rice, maize, millet, and sorghum.
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Nomadic Herding (Extensive): Drylands/Desert climates. Nomads move herds to different pastures. Rely on animals for survival, not profit. Examples include cattle, camels, reindeer, goats, yaks, sheep, and horses.
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Ranching (Extensive): Drylands/Desert climates. Commercial grazing of livestock. Cattle, goats, and sheep are common livestock. Animals are eventually sent to feedlots then slaughter.
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Commercial Grain Farming (Extensive): Mid-Latitudes (too dry for mixed crop/livestock). Crops primarily for human consumption (e.g., wheat). Farms sell output to manufacturers.
Settlement Patterns and Survey Methods
- Clustered Settlement: Houses and farm buildings situated close together, surrounding fields.
- Dispersed Settlement: People live relatively far from each other on their farms.
- Linear Settlement: Long, narrow settlements along rivers, coasts, or roads.
- Surveying: Examining and measuring Earth's surface.
- Metes and Bounds: Describing land parcels using lines (metes) and features (bounds).
- Long Lot: Dividing land into long, narrow lots along waterways or roads.
- Township and Range: Dividing large parcels (townships and ranges) of land.
Agricultural Origins and Diffusions
- Fertile Crescent: Southwest Asia. Origin of settled farming and rise of cities.
- Columbian Exchange: Exchange of plants, animals, culture, and diseases between the Americas and Afro-Eurasia due to Columbus' voyages.
- First Agricultural Revolution: When people first domesticated plants and animals. Allowed permanent settlement.
- Domestication: Taming of plants and animals for human use.
- Agricultural Hearths: Separate locations of plant and animal domestication.
The Second Agricultural Revolution
- Second Agricultural Revolution: Coincided with the Industrial Revolution. Increased yields and access through machines and transportation. Caused by industrialization and the enclosure movement.
- Effects of Second Agricultural Revolution: Increased food production, better diets, longer lifespans, more factory workers, and shifting demographics (urbanization).
- Enclosure Movement: British laws enabling landowners to enclose communal lands. Led to fewer, larger farms, less farm owners, improvements in farming techniques, and reduced agricultural laborers.
- Urbanization: Mass migration of people from rural areas to cities.
The Green Revolution
- Green Revolution: Spread of new technologies (high-yield seeds and chemical fertilizers) to developing countries in the 1960s and 1970s.
- Positive Impacts of Green Revolution: Increased crop production on existing land, lower food prices.
- Negative Impacts of Green Revolution: Damage to local land and agriculture, decreased biodiversity, and environmental effects of chemicals.
Agricultural Production Regions
- Subsistence Agriculture: Producing only enough food for survival.
- Commercial Agriculture: Producing crops for sale and profit.
Biotechnology
- Biotechnology: Applying scientific techniques to modify/improve plants, animals, and microorganisms to enhance value.
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Description
This quiz explores various types of agriculture, including their characteristics and environmental adaptations. You'll learn about Mediterranean and tropical climates, as well as the distinctions between extensive and intensive agriculture methods. Test your knowledge on market gardening and plantation agriculture as well!
