Philippine Agriculture Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA)?

To reduce the participation of farmers in the market

To increase government control over agriculture and fisheries

To enhance the profitability of agriculture and fisheries sectors (correct)

To limit the availability of food supplies

Which principle ensures that poorer sectors have equitable access to resources and services under the AFMA?

Poverty Alleviation and Social Equity (correct)

Rational Use of Resources

Food Security

Sustainable Development

What does the principle of food security under the AFMA guarantee?

Access to food supplies only to urban areas

Increased exports of food products

Adequate and accessible food supplies for all at all times (correct)

Strict regulation of food prices

How does the AFMA aim to enhance the competitiveness of the agriculture and fisheries sectors?

By supporting improvements for both domestic and foreign markets Signup and view all the answers

What approach does the AFMA take towards the use of resources in agriculture and fisheries?

A rational approach focusing on efficiency and effectiveness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following crops is native to South America?

Coconut Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of muskmelon?

Iran and India Signup and view all the answers

What duration does the short dry season typically last in the areas described?

1 to 3 months Signup and view all the answers

Which crop is referred to as 'guinea squash'?

Eggplant Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Type IV climate?

Rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year. Signup and view all the answers

What is the native region of asparagus?

Southern Russia and Europe Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant retains its leaves throughout the year?

Evergreen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the top three crops grown in the Philippines?

Wheat Signup and view all the answers

Which of these crops is believed to have originated in the India-Bangladesh-Burma region?

Mango Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regions is likely to experience a Type IV climate?

Southern Tagalog Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the climate in Mindanao?

It has a climate that produces sufficient rainfall year-round. Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of the agriculture sector's national banner programs?

To enhance food security and increase farm productivity. Signup and view all the answers

Which vegetable crop is native to tropical America?

Beans Signup and view all the answers

Which government program is associated with hybrid rice production?

Agri Pinoy Program Signup and view all the answers

Where do bananas originally come from?

Southeast Asia Signup and view all the answers

Which irrigation type does NOT belong to the three types of rice culture mentioned?

Drained marsh rice Signup and view all the answers

Which of these crops is associated with a Mediterranean climate for extensive cultivation?

Citrus Signup and view all the answers

What climatic condition is characterized by a prolonged growing season during summer?

Subtropical Signup and view all the answers

Which crop is known for being a staple food source rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals?

Soybeans Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plants is classified as woody in structure?

Trees Signup and view all the answers

What type of crop is known for its protective properties against certain forms of human cancer?

Vegetables Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a source of fiber for textiles?

Soybeans Signup and view all the answers

Natural pesticides such as azadirachtin are derived from which plant?

Neem tree Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following crops is used to obtain essential oils for perfume manufacturing?

Mint Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the definition of agriculture?

The systematic raising of plants and livestock under human management. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main features of sustainable crop production?

Diversification of crops and farming methods. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the Philippine workforce is engaged in the agricultural sector?

25% Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant trend in current crop production practices?

Implementation of Climate Smart Agriculture. Signup and view all the answers

In the grading system, what percentage of the lecture grade comprises performance tasks?

40% Signup and view all the answers

What is the gross value added (GVA) of the agricultural sector reported in 2022?

1.78 trillion Philippine pesos Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically included in the sub-sectors of agriculture in the Philippines?

Manufacturing Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly reflects a characteristic of urban farming?

It utilizes innovative techniques to grow food in urban settings. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definition of Agriculture

Systematic raising of useful plants and livestock under human management
Purposeful work harnessing nature to produce plants and animals to meet human needs
Involves production of plants and animals for food and fiber, provision of agricultural services, processing, marketing, and distribution of agricultural products

Current Information on Status of Philippine Agriculture

Agriculture is a significant contributor to the Philippine economy, with a large portion of Filipinos working in and relying on agricultural activities.
In 2022, about a quarter of employed Filipinos worked in the agricultural sector, which includes farming, fishing, livestock, and forestry.
The agricultural sector generated a gross value added (GVA) of 1.78 trillion Philippine pesos, equivalent to about 8.9 percent of the country’s GDP.

Types of Climates in the Philippines

Type IV: Rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year, with no dry season. Areas include northern Kalinga Apayao, eastern Cagayan, Isabela, Quezon province, western Bicol, western Samar, Southeastern Masbate, northern Leyte, northern Cebu, Bohol, Zamboanga, South Cotabato, Davao del Sur, Davao del Norte, Davao Oriental, and the eastern part of Agusan del Sur.

Some facts about Philippine Agriculture

Mindanao has a favorable climate with consistent rainfall throughout the year.
Top three crops in the Philippines are rice, corn, and sugarcane.
Globally, the top three major crops are wheat, rice, and corn.

Types of Rice Cultivation

Irrigated lowland rice
Rainfed lowland rice
Rainfed upland rice

Government Programs in Agriculture

Under Secretary Luisito P.Lorenzo: Nationwide hybrid rice production (PSB Rc 72 H or mestizo and magilas with yield potentials exceeding 9 tons/ha)
Under Secretary Proceso J. Alcala: Agri Pinoy Program, Likas Saka, Kaanib, etc.

Current Government Programs (Agriculture Sector)

National banner programs of the Department of Agriculture (DA) on rice, corn, high-value crops, livestock, and organic agriculture address food security, poverty alleviation, and sustainable growth through increased farm income and productivity.

Republic Act 8435 (AFMA) of 1997

Also known as the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997
Aims to modernize the agriculture and fisheries sectors to enhance profitability and prepare them for globalization through adequate, focused, and rational delivery of support services.

Principles of AFMA

Poverty Alleviation and Social Equity: Ensures equitable access to resources, income opportunities, basic and support services, and infrastructure for poorer segments of society, particularly in areas with low productivity.
Food Security: Assures the availability, adequacy, and accessibility of food supplies to all at all times.
Rational Use of Resources: Adopts a rational approach to public investments in agriculture and fisheries to ensure efficiency and effectiveness in using scarce resources, thereby maximizing returns on investments.
Global Competitiveness: Enhances the competitiveness of the agriculture and fisheries sectors in both domestic and foreign markets.
Sustainable Development: Promotes development that is compatible with the preservation of the ecosystem in areas where agriculture and fisheries activities are carried out.

Agricultural Biotechnology

Provides farmers with tools for cheaper and more manageable production.
Some biotechnology crops are engineered to tolerate specific herbicides, simplifying and improving weed control.

Microbial Biotechnology

Improves the efficiency of crops by promoting the use of microbes in their cultivation.

Origin & Domestications of Some Important Crops of the Philippines

Oil Crops

Peanut: Native to South America, introduced into Africa along with bananas.
Coconut: Belongs to the subfamily Cocoideae, with a center of diversity in Northwest South America.

Vegetable Crops

Beans, snap or green lima beans: Native to tropical America; P. vulgaris is a widely grown bean and one of the most significant.
Eggplant: Also known as eggfruit, aubergine, or guinea squash. Native to South and Eastern Asia but also grown in China; thought to be domesticated in India and spread to the tropics.
Muskmelon: Originated in Asia (Iran and India).
Okra: Also called gumbo, gombo, gobo, or lady's finger; either Asian or African origin.
Tomatoes: Native to tropical Central and South America; progenitor with cherry.
Asparagus: Native to Southern Russia, but also found in Europe, England, Poland, and the Mediterranean.
Onion: Domesticated in Asia (wild ancestors were unknown).

Cultivated Tropical Fruits

Bananas: Originated in Southeast Asia, spreading to India, Africa, and to tropical America.
Citrus: Cultivates species in Southeast Asia, now cultivated extensively in the subtropics with a Mediterranean climate.
Mango: Originated in the India-Bangladesh-Burma region.
Pineapple: Native to tropical regions of South America and was grown in the New World for food, medicine, and winemaking.
Papaya: Probably originated in Central America.

Cutflowers

Chrysanthemum: Native to China, brought to Europe in 1789 by Captain Blanchard of Marseilles.

Descriptive Classifications of Plants

Growth Habits: Annuals, biennials, perennials
Structure and Form: Herbaceous, woody, vines, trees
Leaf Retention:
- Deciduous: Plants that shed off leaves annually and are leafless for extended periods.
- Evergreen: Plants that maintain green leaves throughout the year.
Climatic Conditions:
- Tropical: Plants that grow in warm climates where freezing rarely occurs.
- Temperate: Plants that grow where there is a marked winter season with considerable freezing.
- Subtropical: Plants that grow in places where the growing season (summer) is prolonged.
- Boreal: Plants that grow in climates colder than that of the temperate zone.

As to Usefulness/Economic Value

Crops as Sources of Food: Rice and corn as staple foods; root and tuber crops, and bananas; pulses, vegetables, and fruits supply calories, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Some are rich in phytochemicals (tomato - lycopene, soybeans - isoflavones, and cabbage and cauliflower - sulphoraphane) which are “protective crops” against certain forms of human cancer.
Crops as Sources of Feed: Soybean meal (a by-product of oil extraction) is rich in protein and an essential ingredient in feed formulation.
Crops as Sources of Fiber for Textiles and Fabrics: Cotton, abaca, jute, kenaf, and ramie.
Crops as Sources of Raw Materials for Industrial Manufacturing: Sugar from sugarcane and fructose from corn starch; starch of varied industrial uses like adhesives and textile softeners.
Crops as Sources of Raw Materials for Industrial Manufacturing (continued): Aromatic compounds such as vanillin, tannins, and lignins; terpenoids like essential oils (menthol, peppermint, lavender) for perfume manufacture; steroids like cortisone, digoxin, and diosgenin; alkaloids like colchicines, morphine, atropine, and quinine; and natural pesticides like azadirachtin (neem tree), nicotine, and pyrethrin (chrysanthemums).

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Description

This quiz covers the definition of agriculture, its significance in the Philippine economy, and the status of agricultural employment. Additionally, it discusses the various types of climates in the Philippines that affect agricultural practices.