Types and Modes of Nutrition

Questions and Answers

To provide energy

Autotrophic nutrition

Digestion

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Study Notes

Autotrophic nutrition: Animals that produce their own food through photosynthesis, e.g., some corals and sea slugs.
Heterotrophic nutrition: Animals that obtain energy by consuming other organisms or organic matter, e.g., most animals.

Herbivory: Animals that feed on plants, e.g., cows, deer.
Carnivory: Animals that feed on other animals, e.g., lions, tigers.
Omnivory: Animals that feed on both plants and animals, e.g., humans, bears.
Detritivory: Animals that feed on dead and decaying organic matter, e.g., earthworms, vultures.

Ingestion: Taking in food through the mouth, e.g., eating.
Digestion: Breaking down food into smaller molecules, e.g., mechanical and enzymatic digestion.
Absorption: Taking in nutrients through the walls of the digestive system, e.g., absorption of glucose into the bloodstream.

Energy production: Converting nutrients into energy, e.g., cellular respiration.
Growth and development: Using nutrients to build and repair tissues, e.g., protein synthesis.
Maintenance: Using nutrients to maintain bodily functions, e.g., maintaining body temperature.

Carbohydrates: Provide energy, e.g., glucose, fructose.
Proteins: Build and repair tissues, e.g., amino acids.
Fats: Provide energy, e.g., triglycerides.
Vitamins: Essential for various bodily functions, e.g., vitamin C, vitamin D.
Minerals: Essential for various bodily functions, e.g., calcium, iron.

Macronutrients: Required in large amounts, e.g., carbohydrates, proteins, fats.
Micronutrients: Required in small amounts, e.g., vitamins, minerals.
Essential nutrients: Cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through the diet, e.g., essential amino acids.

Autotrophic nutrition involves producing own food through photosynthesis, seen in some corals and sea slugs.
Heterotrophic nutrition involves obtaining energy by consuming other organisms or organic matter, common in most animals.

Herbivory involves feeding on plants, as seen in cows and deer.
Carnivory involves feeding on other animals, as seen in lions and tigers.
Omnivory involves feeding on both plants and animals, as seen in humans and bears.
Detritivory involves feeding on dead and decaying organic matter, as seen in earthworms and vultures.

Ingestion involves taking in food through the mouth, such as eating.
Digestion involves breaking down food into smaller molecules through mechanical and enzymatic means.
Absorption involves taking in nutrients through the walls of the digestive system, such as absorbing glucose into the bloodstream.

Energy production involves converting nutrients into energy through cellular respiration.
Growth and development involve using nutrients to build and repair tissues through protein synthesis.
Maintenance involves using nutrients to maintain bodily functions, such as maintaining body temperature.

Carbohydrates provide energy, consisting of glucose, fructose, and others.
Proteins build and repair tissues, consisting of amino acids.
Fats provide energy, consisting of triglycerides.
Vitamins are essential for various bodily functions, such as vitamin C and vitamin D.
Minerals are essential for various bodily functions, such as calcium and iron.

Macronutrients are required in large amounts, consisting of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Micronutrients are required in small amounts, consisting of vitamins and minerals.
Essential nutrients cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through the diet, such as essential amino acids.