Types and Components of Computer Systems
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is considered internal hardware?

  • Printer
  • Hard Disk Drive (HDD) (correct)
  • Monitor
  • Keyboard

    • Application software is designed to provide a platform for all other software to run on.

    False

    Name one example of a utility software.

    Antivirus

    The software that translates high-level language into machine code is called a __________.

    <p>compiler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following hardware components with their respective types:

    <p>RAM = Internal memory Printer = External device Graphics Card = Internal device Mouse = Input device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an operating system?

    <p>To enable computer systems to function and facilitate user interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Digital data is represented in an analog form.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What device is used to convert analog data to digital form?

    <p>Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    External storage devices include things such as __________ and __________.

    <p>USB drives, external hard drives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is not typically considered part of internal hardware?

    <p>Keyboard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory is volatile and loses its contents when power is turned off?

    <p>Random access memory (RAM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Read-only memory (ROM) can be written to.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

    <p>To understand and execute hardware and software operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ________ user interface is characterized by the use of windows, icons, and menus.

    <p>Graphical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following storage types with their characteristics:

    <p>RAM = Volatile temporary memory ROM = Non-volatile permanent memory Hard disk drive (HDD) = Backing storage solution Solid-state drive (SSD) = Faster backing storage solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about input devices?

    <p>Input devices can send data to a computer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A dialogue-based user interface utilizes written commands to interact with the computer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of operating system user interfaces?

    <p>Command line interface and Graphical user interface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Backing storage typically includes devices like ________ and ________ drives.

    <p>Hard disk, Solid-state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a computer deals with errors in application programs?

    <p>Operating System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of desktop computers compared to mobile devices?

    <p>Easier to upgrade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Laptops are more portable than desktops because all components are in a single unit.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main disadvantages of smartphones?

    <p>Small screens can make it difficult to read pages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A _____ is a hybrid device that has features of both a smartphone and a tablet.

    <p>phablet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following devices with their primary advantages:

    <p>Desktop Computer = Easier to upgrade and expand Laptop = Highly portable Smartphone = Internet access on the go Tablet = Touch screen technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of tablets compared to laptops?

    <p>Higher cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smartphones and tablets have similar functionalities regarding emails and apps.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one advantage of using a laptop for office and business work.

    <p>Portability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smartphones typically use _____ and mobile networks to access the internet.

    <p>Wi-Fi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of a phablet?

    <p>Touch screen size larger than a smartphone but smaller than a tablet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a task AI can perform?

    <p>Predicting the weather</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Isaac Asimov created three laws of robotics that allow robots to harm humans if necessary.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one negative impact of AI related to employment?

    <p>Unemployment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Augmented reality lays objects onto pre-existing _______.

    <p>objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of AI with their descriptions:

    <p>Augmented Reality (AR) = Overlaying virtual objects on the real world Virtual Reality (VR) = Creating a completely simulated environment Autonomous Vehicles = Driverless cars and machines Robots for Bomb Disposal = Handling dangerous tasks safely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical use of AI?

    <p>Writing poetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dependency on technology is seen as a potential problem of AI.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one area where virtual reality is applied.

    <p>Military applications or educational purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extended Reality refers to the combined real and _______ environments.

    <p>virtual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one function of robots in healthcare?

    <p>Helping amputees improve their mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Computer Systems: Hardware and Software

    • Hardware: The physical components of a computer system, including input/output devices.
    • Internal Hardware: Central Processing Unit (CPU), motherboard, RAM, ROM, graphics card, sound card, hard disk drives (HDD), solid-state drives (SSD), Network Interface Card (NIC).
    • External Hardware: Monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, external storage devices.
    • Software: Instructions, commands, and programs that tell the computer what to do.
    • Application Software: Performs specific tasks for users (e.g., spreadsheets, databases, word processors).
    • System Software: Provides a platform for other software to run (e.g., compilers, linkers, device drivers, utilities, operating systems).
    • Compilers: Translate high-level programming languages into machine code.
    • Linkers: Connect language processors to create functioning programs, and define data.
    • Device Drivers: Enable external devices to communicate with the system.
    • Utilities: Provide tools for system maintenance (e.g., antivirus, disk cleanup).
    • Operating Systems: Manage the computer's resources, allowing users to interact with it.

    Analogue and Digital Data

    • Computers process digital data (binary: 0s and 1s).
    • Real-world data is usually analogue (smooth curves).
    • Analogue-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) convert analogue data into digital form.
    • Digital-to-Analogue Converters (DACs) convert digital data back into analogue form.

    Main Components of Computer Systems

    • Central Processing Unit (CPU): The brain of the computer; understands and executes instructions. Also known as a microprocessor.
    • Control Unit (CU): Manages input and output devices.
    • Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU): Performs calculations and logical operations.
    • Registers: Tiny storage areas within the CPU.
    • Internal Memory: Temporary storage for data currently in use.
      • RAM (Random Access Memory): Volatile memory lost when power is off.
      • ROM (Read-Only Memory): Non-volatile memory, can only be read. Stores configuration data like BIOS setup.
    • BIOS (Basic Input/Output System): Stores system configuration data, including date, time, and settings.
    • CMOS: Non-volatile chip (often battery-powered) that stores BIOS settings (data).

    Input & Output Devices

    • Input Devices: Hardware that allows users to enter data (e.g., keyboard, mouse, scanner).
    • Output Devices: Hardware that presents the computer's output to the user (e.g., monitor, printer).

    Backing and Secondary Storage

    • Backing Storage: Stores large amounts of data permanently.
      • Hard disk drives (HDDs): Magnetic storage.
      • Solid-state drives (SSDs): Flash memory.
    • Differences between internal memory and backing storage:
      • RAM loses data when power is off, ROM is read-only, and backing storage is permanent.
      • Internal memories are faster and smaller than backing storage.
      • Backing storage is usually less expensive.

    Operating Systems

    • Operating Systems (OS): Manage computer hardware and software resources.
      • Control input, output, and secondary storage.
      • Load, run, and store application programs.
      • Handle errors in applications.
      • Maintain system security and logs.
    • User Interfaces: How users interact with the computer.
      • Command Line Interface (CLI): Users type commands.
      • Graphical User Interface (GUI): Uses windows, icons, menus, and pointing devices.
      • Dialogue-based User Interface: Uses voice input.
      • Gesture-based User Interface: Uses hand, head, or foot movements.

    Types of Computers

    • Desktop Computers: Separate monitor, keyboard, mouse, and processor unit.
      • Advantages: Upgradable, standardized parts, good specifications for price.
      • Disadvantages: Not portable, complex to set up, not mobile.
    • Mobile Computers:
      • Laptops: Integrated monitor, keyboard, pointing device, and processor unit.
        • Advantages: Portable, wireless connections.
        • Disadvantages: Battery limitations, smaller keyboards/screens.
      • Smartphones: Cell phones with OS, apps, internet connectivity.
        • Advantages: Portability, instant apps and location services.
        • Disadvantages: Small screens, slower typing compared to laptops.
      • Tablets: Large, flat handheld computers.
        • Advantages: Portability, touch screen, faster boot times, long battery life.
        • Disadvantages: Smaller storage, expensive compared to laptops.
      • Phablets: Hybrid smartphone/tablet.

    Impact of Emerging Technologies

    • Artificial Intelligence (AI): Machines that perform tasks requiring intelligence. (e.g., self-driving cars, robotic research for disabilities).
    • Extended Reality (XR): Combined real and virtual environments:
      • Augmented Reality (AR): Overlays virtual objects onto the real world (e.g., Pokemon Go).
      • Virtual Reality (VR): Creates totally virtual environments (e.g., gaming, simulations).

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental aspects of computer systems with this quiz focusing on hardware and software components. Understand internal and external hardware devices alongside the types of software that control and process data within a computer. Test your knowledge on the essential building blocks of computing technology.

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