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Questions and Answers
In Type II non-combustible construction, what role do materials like glass and aluminum primarily serve?
In Type II non-combustible construction, what role do materials like glass and aluminum primarily serve?
- Offering substantial structural support equivalent to steel or concrete.
- Fulfilling a limited structural role, supplementing the main structural components. (correct)
- Acting as insulation to protect steel and concrete from fire damage.
- Providing primary fire resistance due to their inherent non-combustibility.
Why is a concrete wall prone to spalling when exposed to high temperatures and subsequently cooled by water?
Why is a concrete wall prone to spalling when exposed to high temperatures and subsequently cooled by water?
- Differential thermal stresses cause internal pressures, leading to cracking and fracturing. (correct)
- The water reacts chemically with the cement, weakening the concrete matrix.
- The concrete absorbs the cooling water, increasing its weight and causing structural failure.
- The rapid cooling causes the concrete to expand, exceeding its tensile strength.
What is the primary hazard associated with built-up roofs on Type II non-combustible buildings when exposed to fire conditions?
What is the primary hazard associated with built-up roofs on Type II non-combustible buildings when exposed to fire conditions?
- The tar adhesive decomposes into flammable vapors that can ignite and cause a self-sustaining fire. (correct)
- The insulation absorbs water, increasing the roof's weight and leading to structural instability.
- The metal decking rapidly melts, causing the roof to collapse without warning.
- The roofing felt and paper release toxic fumes that pose an immediate health risk to firefighters.
How does the design of steel bar joists in Type II construction contribute to the risk of early structural collapse in a fire?
How does the design of steel bar joists in Type II construction contribute to the risk of early structural collapse in a fire?
What characteristic of Type II non-combustible construction makes it prone to early collapse under fire conditions?
What characteristic of Type II non-combustible construction makes it prone to early collapse under fire conditions?
What is the primary reason Incident Commanders should exercise caution when considering roof ventilation on Type II non-combustible buildings during a fire?
What is the primary reason Incident Commanders should exercise caution when considering roof ventilation on Type II non-combustible buildings during a fire?
How does the expansion of steel components in masonry walls during a fire manifest on the exterior of a Type II building?
How does the expansion of steel components in masonry walls during a fire manifest on the exterior of a Type II building?
What common characteristic of noncombustible construction buildings can aid in their recognition?
What common characteristic of noncombustible construction buildings can aid in their recognition?
How do the relatively small pieces of steel used in trusses perform under fire conditions, in a Type II non-combustible constuction?
How do the relatively small pieces of steel used in trusses perform under fire conditions, in a Type II non-combustible constuction?
What should be the next consideration when opening a roof of unprotected structual steel during a building fire?
What should be the next consideration when opening a roof of unprotected structual steel during a building fire?
Apart from steel and concrete block, which of the following materials can be used in Type II non-combustible construction, though with a limited structural role?
Apart from steel and concrete block, which of the following materials can be used in Type II non-combustible construction, though with a limited structural role?
What is the primary responsibility of each member in the implementation of the Type II non-combustible construction manual chapter?
What is the primary responsibility of each member in the implementation of the Type II non-combustible construction manual chapter?
When concrete is heated to high temperatures and cooled by a hose stream, structural damage may occur. What is the most accurate description of this?
When concrete is heated to high temperatures and cooled by a hose stream, structural damage may occur. What is the most accurate description of this?
How are light-gauge sheet metal panels typically affixed in metal frame walls?
How are light-gauge sheet metal panels typically affixed in metal frame walls?
In Type II non-combustible construction, what is the structural role of steel bar joists, and how do they achieve this?
In Type II non-combustible construction, what is the structural role of steel bar joists, and how do they achieve this?
What is a significant weakness associated with unprotected metal components in Type II non-combustible construction?
What is a significant weakness associated with unprotected metal components in Type II non-combustible construction?
What is the intended function of insulation in a built-up roof system on a Type II non-combustible building?
What is the intended function of insulation in a built-up roof system on a Type II non-combustible building?
What is a key advantage of Type II non-combustible construction in terms of fire safety?
What is a key advantage of Type II non-combustible construction in terms of fire safety?
Under what conditions can the tar adhesive used in built-up roofs become a significant fire hazard?
Under what conditions can the tar adhesive used in built-up roofs become a significant fire hazard?
How does the rapid heating of steel bar joists impact their structural integrity in Type II non-combustible construction?
How does the rapid heating of steel bar joists impact their structural integrity in Type II non-combustible construction?
What is a common method of roof installation on Type II non-combustible structures?
What is a common method of roof installation on Type II non-combustible structures?
What should Incident Commanders consider regarding ventilation in Type II non-combustible buildings during a fire?
What should Incident Commanders consider regarding ventilation in Type II non-combustible buildings during a fire?
What characteristic of the building's exterior might indicate Type II non-combustible construction?
What characteristic of the building's exterior might indicate Type II non-combustible construction?
In Type II non-combustible buildings, how do the trusses typically behave under fire conditions?
In Type II non-combustible buildings, how do the trusses typically behave under fire conditions?
What potential hazard is associated with the flammable vapors produced by the tar adhesive on a built-up roof during a fire?
What potential hazard is associated with the flammable vapors produced by the tar adhesive on a built-up roof during a fire?
What is a primary structural advantage of steel bar joists in Type II non-combustible construction?
What is a primary structural advantage of steel bar joists in Type II non-combustible construction?
What should be the main focus of responsibility for individuals implementing Type II non-combustible construction guidelines?
What should be the main focus of responsibility for individuals implementing Type II non-combustible construction guidelines?
What is a key consideration regarding the protection of structural steel in Type II non-combustible buildings?
What is a key consideration regarding the protection of structural steel in Type II non-combustible buildings?
What is the key characteristic of Type II non-combustible construction materials, with reference to their fuel contribution in a fire?
What is the key characteristic of Type II non-combustible construction materials, with reference to their fuel contribution in a fire?
Why must Incident Commanders ensure the method of ventilation is accomplished with less risk in Type II Non-Combustible structures during fires?
Why must Incident Commanders ensure the method of ventilation is accomplished with less risk in Type II Non-Combustible structures during fires?
Built-up roofs are common atop metal bar joists, and include tar adhesive to keep certain components together. Under what circumstance does this adhesive pose a threat?
Built-up roofs are common atop metal bar joists, and include tar adhesive to keep certain components together. Under what circumstance does this adhesive pose a threat?
Why do steel trusses fail so quickly?
Why do steel trusses fail so quickly?
How might steel beams set into masonry walls cause cracks during or after a fire?
How might steel beams set into masonry walls cause cracks during or after a fire?
How does rapid cooling cause spalling?
How does rapid cooling cause spalling?
What are the advantages of steel bar joist construction?
What are the advantages of steel bar joist construction?
When are structural fires more likely to inflict heavy damage to type II Non-Combustible structures?
When are structural fires more likely to inflict heavy damage to type II Non-Combustible structures?
What is the primary reason for placing insulation on the decking within a Built-Up Roof system atop metal bar joists?
What is the primary reason for placing insulation on the decking within a Built-Up Roof system atop metal bar joists?
Why does concrete spall or crack when exposed to high temperatures followed by rapid cooling from a hose stream?
Why does concrete spall or crack when exposed to high temperatures followed by rapid cooling from a hose stream?
In Type II non-combustible construction, concerning the use of steel bar joists to support a metal deck roof with a built-up roofing system, what is the most critical factor influencing potential fire behavior and structural stability?
In Type II non-combustible construction, concerning the use of steel bar joists to support a metal deck roof with a built-up roofing system, what is the most critical factor influencing potential fire behavior and structural stability?
How does the lack of fire-resistant protection on steel bar joists in Type II non-combustible construction most critically impact the building's structural integrity during a fire?
How does the lack of fire-resistant protection on steel bar joists in Type II non-combustible construction most critically impact the building's structural integrity during a fire?
What is the primary reason that Incident Commanders should avoid roof ventilation on Type II non-combustible buildings during a fire?
What is the primary reason that Incident Commanders should avoid roof ventilation on Type II non-combustible buildings during a fire?
Why might the expansion of steel beams set into masonry walls cause cracks during or after a fire in Type II construction?
Why might the expansion of steel beams set into masonry walls cause cracks during or after a fire in Type II construction?
Flashcards
Type II Non-Combustible Construction
Type II Non-Combustible Construction
Building construction using materials that do not contribute fuel to a fire. Often have flat, built-up roofs.
Concrete
Concrete
A hardened product of Portland cement, coarse and fine aggregates, and water; absorbs and retains heat but may spall under rapid cooling.
Metal Frame Walls
Metal Frame Walls
Walls constructed of overlapping light-gauge sheet metal panels fastened to metal or wooden studs.
Steel Bar Joist
Steel Bar Joist
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Built-Up Roof
Built-Up Roof
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Strength of Type II Construction
Strength of Type II Construction
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Weakness of Type II Construction
Weakness of Type II Construction
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Study Notes
Type II Non-Combustible Construction
- This chapter provides information regarding Type II non-combustible building construction classification.
- Each member is responsible for exercising the appropriate control in the implementation of this chapter, as dictated by their rank.
Type II Construction: General Information
- Type II construction uses the same materials as fire-resistive construction but lacks the insulation or protection of Type I Construction.
- Materials such as steel, concrete block, glass, and aluminum may be used, but with a limited structural role.
- Type II buildings offer little fire resistance but do not contribute fuel to a fire.
- Structures vary and can be metal-framed or metal-clad, and may be prefabricated or built on site.
- Concrete or concrete block buildings with metal deck roofs are classified as noncombustible/limited combustible.
- Usually have flat, built-up roofs.
Walls / Floors
- Concrete walls are made from Portland cement, coarse and fine aggregates, and water.
- Concrete absorbs and retains heat from a fire.
- If concrete is heated and then cooled by water, it can violently spall or crack, projecting pieces away from the wall or ceiling.
- Metal frame walls consist of overlapping light-gauge sheet metal panels attached to metal or wooden studs.
- These panels may be attached using nails, rivets, bolts, screws, or other fasteners.
Roof
- Steel bar joists are lightweight components with a flat parallel cord truss design.
- Top and bottom chords are steel plates and the web member is a long, continuous round steel rod, shaped and welded to the chords.
- Distributes the weight of the roof to the bearing walls.
- Steel bar joist construction enables large, wide-open floor areas and is attractive due to its low cost.
- Usually lacks fire resistance or fire protection.
- Trusses are made of small pieces of steel that won't add fuel to a fire, but will fail rapidly.
- Steel absorbs and distributes heat quickly, causing elongation and eventual failure, particularly when set in masonry walls.
Built-Up Roofs
- Metal decking sits on the steel bar joist.
- Insulation is placed on the decking, roofing felt, paper, and tar adhesive are installed to waterproof the roof.
- The tar adhesive can break down into flammable gas when subjected to high heat.
- Flammable vapors can accumulate, ignite, and burn on the underside of the roof if unable to escape through a sealed roof.
- The resulting fire produces more fuel.
Important Safety Note
- Operating or opening a roof of unprotected steel during a building fire should be considered dangerous.
- Incident Commanders should consider other means of ventilation that can be accomplished with less risk.
Strengths
- Structural elements will not contribute fuel to a fire.
- This type of building is generally recognizable from the exterior.
Weaknesses
- Unprotected metal components make this construction type prone to early collapse.
- Combustible products used for built-up roof materials can be highly flammable.
- This can lead to a separate fire above and below the roof, which self-sustains and spreads due to generated heat and flammable vapors.
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