17 Questions
What is the purpose of using univariate twin models in research?
To estimate the sources of variance in a trait.
In the context of twin studies, what do genetic correlations represent?
Overlap in underlying genetic factors.
What questions can be addressed using a multivariate genetic design?
Questions about the possible common aetiology of different traits.
What is the range of environmental correlations between traits?
Between 0 (independent influences) and 1 (complete overlap).
How can the ACE model be extended to study the longitudinal development of multiple traits?
By using the Cholesky decomposition.
What does the ACE model stand for in the context of twin studies?
Additive genetic factors, Common (shared) environmental factors, and Unique environmental factors.
What does higher MZ than DZ correlations indicate in the univariate twin model?
Genetic influence.
Explain pleiotropy in the context of genetic research.
Pleiotropy refers to genes influencing multiple traits.
What do sources of co-occurrence and comorbidity imply about the presence of genes?
Imply the presence of 'generalist genes'
In studying comorbidity with latent factor models, what is the norm according to the Dunedin study?
Over 80% of those who experience one psychiatric disorder also experience at least one other psychiatric disorder.
What can cross lag effects in twin studies indicate?
A causal effect after accounting for covariation.
How can different conditions benefiting from similar intervention approaches be explained?
Due to generalist genes influencing both conditions
What is the purpose of the cross-lag panel model in studying the longitudinal development of multiple traits?
To assess the longitudinal association between multiple traits.
In a study focusing on the longitudinal stability of hyperactivity/impulsivity, what percentage of variance in baseline level was explained by additive genetic influences?
90%
What percentage of the variance in linear systematic change (slope) in hyperactivity/impulsivity was explained by additive genetic influences?
81%
What can be compared by looking at within-twin cross-trait correlations?
Common influences between different traits within the same twin.
What percentage of the additive genetic influences on linear systematic change in hyperactivity/impulsivity were shared with the baseline level?
37%
Explore the concepts of cross-twin cross-trait correlations, ACE model, univariate and multivariate twin models, and latent factor models in the context of twin data path analysis. Understand how to estimate sources of variance, covariance between traits, and study comorbidity through twin results.
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