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Questions and Answers
Evaluation of pregnancy risk and urgent contraceptive drugs is performed solely by a pediatrician at CAC.
Evaluation of pregnancy risk and urgent contraceptive drugs is performed solely by a pediatrician at CAC.
False
There are four Child Advocacy Centers (CACs) located in Istanbul.
There are four Child Advocacy Centers (CACs) located in Istanbul.
True
Child and adolescent psychiatrists at CAC help assess the risks of physical disorders in children.
Child and adolescent psychiatrists at CAC help assess the risks of physical disorders in children.
False
Social workers at CAC organize home visits to assess the child's needs in their environment.
Social workers at CAC organize home visits to assess the child's needs in their environment.
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Protective and supportive measures for abuse survivor children prioritize providing care and shelter outside their family environment.
Protective and supportive measures for abuse survivor children prioritize providing care and shelter outside their family environment.
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A person can be sentenced to imprisonment for up to two years for failing to report an offence in progress.
A person can be sentenced to imprisonment for up to two years for failing to report an offence in progress.
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The penalty for failing to report an offence is increased if the victim is a child or a pregnant woman.
The penalty for failing to report an offence is increased if the victim is a child or a pregnant woman.
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Public officers found guilty of failing to report an offence can receive a sentence ranging from six months to three years.
Public officers found guilty of failing to report an offence can receive a sentence ranging from six months to three years.
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Anyone who delays in reporting an offence as a public officer can face a penalty similar to someone who fails to report immediately.
Anyone who delays in reporting an offence as a public officer can face a penalty similar to someone who fails to report immediately.
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Members of the medical profession are exempt from reporting offences if they discovered them outside of their professional duties.
Members of the medical profession are exempt from reporting offences if they discovered them outside of their professional duties.
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The sanction for a medical professional who fails to report an offence can be up to one year in prison.
The sanction for a medical professional who fails to report an offence can be up to one year in prison.
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The Juvenile Protection Law is meant to strictly punish juveniles who have committed crimes.
The Juvenile Protection Law is meant to strictly punish juveniles who have committed crimes.
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Judicial law enforcement officers face a penalty that is increased by one half if they fail to report an offence.
Judicial law enforcement officers face a penalty that is increased by one half if they fail to report an offence.
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CACs aim to reduce the number of testimonies abused children have to give during the forensic process.
CACs aim to reduce the number of testimonies abused children have to give during the forensic process.
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Forensic interviews at CACs are conducted in a manner that is often leading and unsupportive.
Forensic interviews at CACs are conducted in a manner that is often leading and unsupportive.
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Before the establishment of CACs in Turkey, children could testify up to 20 times about their abuse experiences.
Before the establishment of CACs in Turkey, children could testify up to 20 times about their abuse experiences.
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CACs provide professional services at all hours, including weekends.
CACs provide professional services at all hours, including weekends.
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Forensic mediators are responsible for conducting the preliminary interviews with children at CACs.
Forensic mediators are responsible for conducting the preliminary interviews with children at CACs.
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A child's consent is not required for forensic examinations that take place in Turkey.
A child's consent is not required for forensic examinations that take place in Turkey.
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CACs are only available during business hours and do not provide round-the-clock services.
CACs are only available during business hours and do not provide round-the-clock services.
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Forensic interviews in CACs are recorded to collect evidence for the forensic process.
Forensic interviews in CACs are recorded to collect evidence for the forensic process.
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Consultancy measures provide guidance primarily for juvenile education and development.
Consultancy measures provide guidance primarily for juvenile education and development.
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The education/training measure requires juveniles to attend an educational institution only as day students.
The education/training measure requires juveniles to attend an educational institution only as day students.
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Care measures are implemented when the responsible caregiver is unable to fulfill their duties.
Care measures are implemented when the responsible caregiver is unable to fulfill their duties.
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Health measures include treatments for juveniles with addictive substance issues.
Health measures include treatments for juveniles with addictive substance issues.
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The shelter measure is aimed solely at single individuals without children.
The shelter measure is aimed solely at single individuals without children.
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Following a notification in sexual abuse cases, the Emniyet Çocuk Şube directly takes the child victim to court.
Following a notification in sexual abuse cases, the Emniyet Çocuk Şube directly takes the child victim to court.
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The forensic interviewer in sexual abuse cases operates in a room with audio and video recordings.
The forensic interviewer in sexual abuse cases operates in a room with audio and video recordings.
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A family member is notified regardless of their status as a suspect in sexual abuse cases.
A family member is notified regardless of their status as a suspect in sexual abuse cases.
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The best interests of the child must always be considered last in actions concerning children.
The best interests of the child must always be considered last in actions concerning children.
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The Child Protection Law accepts the protection of the child's interests as a fundamental principle.
The Child Protection Law accepts the protection of the child's interests as a fundamental principle.
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Assessing the best interests of a child involves evaluating all necessary elements for making a decision regarding a specific child.
Assessing the best interests of a child involves evaluating all necessary elements for making a decision regarding a specific child.
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Privacy measures ensure that a child's identity can be disclosed during legal proceedings.
Privacy measures ensure that a child's identity can be disclosed during legal proceedings.
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Children's decision to disclose sexual abuse is solely determined by their age and development.
Children's decision to disclose sexual abuse is solely determined by their age and development.
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An account of abuse given spontaneously by a child is generally considered truthful and accurate.
An account of abuse given spontaneously by a child is generally considered truthful and accurate.
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Confidentiality in procedures related to children ensures information is shared broadly.
Confidentiality in procedures related to children ensures information is shared broadly.
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The principle of best interests of the child is derived from Article 3 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
The principle of best interests of the child is derived from Article 3 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
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Children are often afraid to disclose abuse due to fear and shame.
Children are often afraid to disclose abuse due to fear and shame.
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Open-ended questions can be answered with a single word.
Open-ended questions can be answered with a single word.
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The seating distance during an interview should be between 30-50 cm.
The seating distance during an interview should be between 30-50 cm.
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It is essential to avoid personal curiosity during a child's narration of events.
It is essential to avoid personal curiosity during a child's narration of events.
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Closed-ended questions require detailed explanations.
Closed-ended questions require detailed explanations.
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It is beneficial to ask 'why' questions when interviewing a child about abuse.
It is beneficial to ask 'why' questions when interviewing a child about abuse.
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Children are often more accurate with their statements when prompted with leading questions.
Children are often more accurate with their statements when prompted with leading questions.
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The interviewer's sincerity and positive regard are important for establishing trust.
The interviewer's sincerity and positive regard are important for establishing trust.
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Study Notes
Turkish Penal Code (Articles 278-280)
- Failure to report an offense (Article 278): Failing to report a crime in progress can result in imprisonment up to one year.
- Failure to report a committed offense (Article 278): Failing to report a committed crime where consequences can be limited, the penalty depends on the provisions of the aforementioned paragraph.
- Offenses with vulnerable victims (Article 278): If a child, physically/mentally handicapped person, or pregnant woman is a victim, the penalty is increased by one half.
- Failure by a public officer to report an offense (Article 279): Failing to report a crime requiring official investigation, or delaying the report, is punishable by imprisonment from six months to two years. Penalties will be doubled for judicial law enforcement officers.
- Failure by a member of the medical profession to report an offense (Article 280): Failure to report evidence of a crime, or delaying reporting in the course of duty, will result in a penalty up to one year imprisonment. The term "member of the medical profession" includes various healthcare professionals.
Juvenile Protection Law (5395)
- Purpose of the Law: Regulate procedures and principles for protecting juveniles needing protection or pushed into crime, securing their well-being and rights.
- Provisions in the Law: Cover principles, procedures, and safety measures for both protected and criminal juveniles. Duties and capacities of juvenile courts are also outlined.
- Definitions: Establishes legal definitions of "juvenile", "juvenile in need of protection", and "juvenile pushed to crime".
- 3 Stages of Neglect/Abuse Cases: Reporting, Intervention, and Treatment/Rehabilitation.
Reporting in Turkey
- Designated Reporting Agencies: Family and Social Services Ministry Regional Offices, Social Service Centers, Public Prosecutor Offices, Bar Associations, Child Rights Centers, Specialized Hotlines (e.g., Alo 183).
- Law Enforcement Agencies: Police (155), Gendarmerie (156)
- Other relevant agencies: Police/Gendarmerie, Youth Protection Department, etc.
Intervention in Turkey
- Core Components: Child Advocacy Centers (CACs) have a multidisciplinary team approach to evaluating, investigating, and providing support for child sexual abuse – employing multiple specialists (law enforcement, forensic experts, medical professionals, social workers, etc.) and use child-friendly environments.
- CAC Procedures: CACs offer a semi-structured, single-session, recorded interview process for gathering information in cases of potential or known child abuse.
- CAC Services: Forensic examinations, psychological and social assessments/investigations, and treatment are core services offered within CACs.
- Geographical spread: CACs are present in 67 Turkish cities.
Treatment in Turkey
- Psycho-social Support: A support system for victims provided by Family and Social Service Ministry Regional Offices, Social Service Centers, Health and Education bureaus.
- Protective and supportive measures: Measures include guidance, care, and resources for families to ensure appropriate placement and treatment for the child. These services include counselling, education, and health care to protect the child within their environment.
- Measures, examples: Counselling, education, alternative care measures (foster homes, etc).
- Specific measures for education, training, and care are given to those with specific needs, physical or otherwise.
Disclosure of Sexual Abuse in Turkey
- Modes of Disclosure: Children might disclose abuse directly or indirectly.
- Factors Affecting Disclosure: Children's disclosure is influenced by their development, family dynamics, and cultural norms.
- Importance of Spontaneous Disclosure: Spontaneous disclosures are considered more reliable than statements obtained following repeated or leading questions.
- Practices in dealing with delayed disclosures: Recognising, treating, and establishing trust with the child is crucial to avoid secondary trauma.
Managing the Disclosure Process in Turkey
- Building Trust: The process requires empathy, sincerity, and positive regard of the interviewer/interviewer(s).
- Creating a Safe Space: Conducting interviews in a quiet, neutral environment is key, with suitable physical distances.
- Impartial Interviewer: Interviewers must avoid personal questions, curiosity, and bias.
- Types of Questions: Open-ended, unbiased questions are preferable for accurate information. Closed-ended (yes/no) questions are suitable for certain cases.
- Addressing Resistance: Interviewers are taught to handle difficult situations and not be persistent in the face of resistance but to allow for breaks.
- Psychological First Aid: Procedures for supporting children after disclosure (calmness, no fault-finding, supportive statements).
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Description
Test your knowledge of the Turkish Penal Code, specifically Articles 278 to 280. This quiz covers the consequences of failing to report crimes, especially regarding vulnerable victims and the obligations of public officers and medical professionals. Explore the penalties and legal responsibilities outlined in these sections.
