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Questions and Answers
What type of routing is taking place between IPv6 routers A and B?
What type of routing is taking place between IPv6 routers A and B?
In the communication B-to-C, which protocol is encapsulated inside IPv4?
In the communication B-to-C, which protocol is encapsulated inside IPv4?
What percentage of clients access Google services via IPv6 according to the text?
What percentage of clients access Google services via IPv6 according to the text?
Which US government domains are mentioned as being IPv6 capable?
Which US government domains are mentioned as being IPv6 capable?
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How long has it taken for IPv6 deployment, as mentioned in the text?
How long has it taken for IPv6 deployment, as mentioned in the text?
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Which field in the IPv4 header specifies the time-to-live (TTL) value for the datagram?
Which field in the IPv4 header specifies the time-to-live (TTL) value for the datagram?
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In the IPv6 header, which field is used to specify the type of payload carried by the IPv6 datagram?
In the IPv6 header, which field is used to specify the type of payload carried by the IPv6 datagram?
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What is the primary purpose of IPv4 tunneling in the context of IPv6 deployment?
What is the primary purpose of IPv4 tunneling in the context of IPv6 deployment?
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In the context of IPv6 deployment, what does the term 'encapsulation' refer to?
In the context of IPv6 deployment, what does the term 'encapsulation' refer to?
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What is the maximum size of the payload that can be carried by an IPv6 datagram?
What is the maximum size of the payload that can be carried by an IPv6 datagram?
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Which fields are present in the IPv4 header when tunneling an IPv6 datagram?
Which fields are present in the IPv4 header when tunneling an IPv6 datagram?
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What does the term "tunneling" refer to in the context of IPv6 and IPv4?
What does the term "tunneling" refer to in the context of IPv6 and IPv4?
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In the context of tunneling, what is the purpose of the UDP/TCP payload field within the IPv4 datagram?
In the context of tunneling, what is the purpose of the UDP/TCP payload field within the IPv4 datagram?
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What is the purpose of encapsulation in the context of IPv6 and IPv4 communication?
What is the purpose of encapsulation in the context of IPv6 and IPv4 communication?
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In the logical view of tunneling, what do the IPv6/v4 labels on the links represent?
In the logical view of tunneling, what do the IPv6/v4 labels on the links represent?
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Which fields are present in the IPv6 header when tunneling an IPv6 datagram over an IPv4 network?
Which fields are present in the IPv6 header when tunneling an IPv6 datagram over an IPv4 network?
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What is the purpose of the 'flow label' field in the IPv6 header?
What is the purpose of the 'flow label' field in the IPv6 header?
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Which header field is missing in the IPv6 datagram format compared to IPv4?
Which header field is missing in the IPv6 datagram format compared to IPv4?
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What is the purpose of the 'priority' field in the IPv6 header?
What is the purpose of the 'priority' field in the IPv6 header?
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What is the main reason for the transition from IPv4 to IPv6?
What is the main reason for the transition from IPv4 to IPv6?
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How does the network operate during the transition from IPv4 to IPv6?
How does the network operate during the transition from IPv4 to IPv6?
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What is the purpose of the 'next header' field in the IPv6 header?
What is the purpose of the 'next header' field in the IPv6 header?
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Study Notes
- Tunneling involves carrying IPv6 datagrams as payloads within IPv4 datagrams among IPv4 routers, commonly used in various contexts like 4G/5G and IPsec.
- In tunneling, IPv4 header fields include source and destination addresses, while IPv6 header fields include source and destination addresses as well.
- IPv6 datagram format includes 128-bit IPv6 addresses, a 40-byte fixed-length header, and features like identifying priority among datagrams in a flow.
- Key differences in IPv6 compared to IPv4 include the absence of checksums, fragmentation/reassembly, and options (available as extension headers).
- Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 faces challenges as not all routers can be upgraded simultaneously, leading to the need for coexistence of IPv4 and IPv6 routers.
- Adoption of IPv6 is increasing, with approximately 30% of clients accessing services via IPv6 according to Google, and one-third of US government domains being IPv6 capable according to NIST.
- Despite the long deployment time of IPv6 (25 years and counting), its adoption is crucial due to the exhaustion of the 32-bit IPv4 address space and the need for faster processing and forwarding capabilities.
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Description
Learn about tunneling, a technique where an IPv6 datagram is carried as a payload in an IPv4 datagram among IPv4 routers. This method is extensively used in various networking contexts such as 4G/5G and IPsec. Explore how IPv4 and IPv6 headers are involved in this process.
