Tunnel Communication Systems in Indian Railways
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Questions and Answers

How often must the systems and communication media installed inside the tunnels be inspected?

  • Quarterly
  • Every two weeks
  • Weekly
  • Monthly (correct)

    • Who is responsible for reporting system failures daily?

  • The SSE/JE/TELE
  • The controlling officer (correct)
  • The railway operations manager
  • The maintenance technician

    • Which of the following tools is NOT listed as required for the maintenance of equipment?

  • Pressure gauge (correct)
  • Multimeter
  • Screw driver
  • Hydrometer

    • What is required to be provided in the monthly failure report to the Headquarter?

    <p>Monthly statement of all failures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which device is specifically mentioned as part of the monthly inspection requirements?

    <p>Video surveillance system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary categories for tunnel lengths on the Indian Railway network?

    <p>Less than 500 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which frequency bands are used for VHF Simplex communication in Indian Railways?

    <p>146-163 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of communication system is specifically mentioned for emergency communication in tunnels?

    <p>VHF Simplex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a frequency band used for tunnel communication systems in Indian Railways?

    <p>800-900 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Tunnel Radio System mentioned in the document?

    <p>To provide uninterrupted communication inside tunnels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency range allocated for LocoTrol communication in Indian Railways?

    <p>424-430 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which communication technology uses frequency bands of 876-915 MHz (Uplink) and 921-960 MHz (Downlink)?

    <p>GSM-R/LTE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct frequency band for TETRA communication on Indian Railways?

    <p>370-430 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Master Unit in tunnel communication systems?

    <p>To convert RF signals to light for optical transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unit is used to convert Optical Signals back into RF Signals?

    <p>Optical Remote Unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cable is used for wireless communication inside tunnels to minimize smoke accumulation in case of fire?

    <p>Leaky Cable with FRLS properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system would be used for tunnels less than 500 meters long?

    <p>High Gain Off-Air Channelized Repeaters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of 7/8" Leaky Cable in tunnels?

    <p>To act as an extended antenna for RF signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of communication does the Optical Remote Unit support?

    <p>VHF Simplex, LocoTrol, GSM-R/LTE, TETRA, and TCAS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For tunnels less than 500 meters, where should antennas be installed?

    <p>At the tunnel site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the remote units monitored and controlled?

    <p>Using Ethernet Modem and fiber connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What power supply specifications are required for the Master Unit in tunnels?

    <p>230VAC 50Hz or -48 VDC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a communication channel's coverage as 'failure-free'?

    <p>It operates without any interruptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for tunnels longer than 500 meters in terms of fibre junction box?

    <p>A Fibre Junction Box must be installed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the communication system mentioned for the tunnel?

    <p>Complete reliance on satellite communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How frequently should Emergency Telephones be installed in a tunnel?

    <p>On tunnel walls every 250 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What system connection is suggested for video surveillance and public address systems in the tunnel?

    <p>Optic Fibre system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antennas should be installed for tunnels longer than 500 meters?

    <p>Tower-mounted antennas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary for the Emergency Telephone to function correctly in the tunnel environment?

    <p>Due to potentially high noise and poor light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of installing a sound hood in tunnels?

    <p>To avoid noise affecting conversation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what intervals should the transmitting frequency and power of the system be checked?

    <p>Monthly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required installation distance for loudspeakers in the tunnel?

    <p>Every 100 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of telephone services should be connected to Tunnel Maintenance Boxes?

    <p>Hotline telephone services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of system should be provided inside tunnels for monitoring purposes?

    <p>IP based Video Surveillance System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should the specific gravity of each cell in the power supply system be checked?

    <p>Weekly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the weekly checks on the antenna system and radiating cables?

    <p>To physically check for damage or breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should all camera feeds from the surveillance system be transferred to?

    <p>Tunnel Control Center/Divisional Control Room</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using an optical power meter in the maintenance of equipment?

    <p>To evaluate the strength of optical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is specifically suggested for ensuring the quality of fiber connections?

    <p>Fibre splicing machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically included in the monthly status report submitted to the Headquarter regarding system failures?

    <p>A statement of failure counts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary communication requirement for tunnels longer than 5 Km?

    <p>Uninterrupted communication with headquarters and operation centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should the connecting cables supplied with the system be maintained?

    <p>Monthly as part of the regular maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following frequency bands is recommended for LTE communication on Indian Railways?

    <p>700 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of having a reference screenshot while assessing system conditions?

    <p>To ensure consistency in operational checks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of communication system is indicated as the lifeline of train operation?

    <p>VHF Simplex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of communication is handled under the TCAS system?

    <p>Safety-critical train control communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which frequency range is allocated for VHF Simplex communication in the Indian Railway network?

    <p>146-163 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For tunnels between 500 meters and 5 Km, which communication systems are explicitly required?

    <p>VHF Simplex and TCAS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is essential for the Tunnel Radio System's operation among tunnels?

    <p>Uninterrupted communication across multiple tunnels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which device's communication frequency band is specifically mentioned for LocoTrol in Indian Railways?

    <p>424-430 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the necessary power supply specification for the Master Unit in tunnel communication systems?

    <p>230VAC 50Hz or -48 VDC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must antennas be installed on a Tower for tunnels longer than 500 meters?

    <p>To comply with SACFA clearance requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a Fibre Junction Box in tunnel communications?

    <p>To connect the Master Unit to optical remote units in tunnels over 500 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How frequently should Emergency Telephones be installed in a tunnel?

    <p>Every 250 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Optical Remote Unit in tunnel communication systems?

    <p>To convert optical signals back to RF signals and transmit them via Leaky cable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional systems should be connected through the optical fibre system in tunnels?

    <p>PA Systems and Video Surveillance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is specifically used for tunnels longer than 500 meters?

    <p>GSM-R/LTE Optical Master Unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of communication system is outlined for tunnels less than 500 meters?

    <p>Direct installation on tunnel site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the Leaky Cable used in tunnel communication?

    <p>It is flame-retardant and minimizes smoke accumulation in case of fire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cable is essential for minimizing smoke accumulation in tunnels during a fire?

    <p>Optic Fibre Cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following systems is incorporated to ensure seamless communication over various channels in the tunnel?

    <p>Dual Radiating Cable Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conditions are required for an Emergency Telephone to function properly in a tunnel?

    <p>High noise and poor light environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ensures that the communication channels within the tunnel operate concurrently and without failure?

    <p>Independent channel technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component would be primarily responsible for signal conversion from RF to light in fiber-fed repeater systems?

    <p>Master Unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of communication is supported by Off-Air Channelized Repeaters for tunnels less than 500 meters?

    <p>VHF Simplex, LocoTrol, GSM-R/LTE, TETRA, and TCAS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of repeater is specifically designed to enhance coverage in tunnels shorter than 500 meters?

    <p>High Gain Off-Air Channelized Repeater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum distance between loudspeakers installed in the tunnel for the public addressing system?

    <p>100 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system should monitor the camera feed from the IP-based video surveillance system?

    <p>Tunnel Control Center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should the antenna system and leaky cable connections be checked for any damage?

    <p>Weekly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of extending hotline telephone services to tunnel maintenance boxes?

    <p>To provide direct communication with the central control room</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if fault alarms are noticed on the master unit?

    <p>Connect a laptop/PC to pinpoint the actual fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for the power supply system's weekly checks?

    <p>Checking of input and output voltage &amp; currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the public addressing system during incidents?

    <p>To inform and give instructions to maintenance and service staff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended maintenance practice for the communication system?

    <p>Daily inspections of hardware connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Tunnel Communication

    • Indian Railways tunnels are categorized by length: less than 500 meters, 500 meters to 5 km, and over 5 km.
    • Communication systems in tunnels must support communication needs for tunnels in each category.

    Radio Communication Systems

    • Radio communication systems are needed for various purposes within tunnels, including maintenance, construction, driver-guard communication, emergency communication, as well as train control.
    • VHF Simplex: Uses frequency bands 146-163 MHz. This is essential for communication between train operation elements and other radios inside or outside the tunnel. It's designed for seamless, uninterrupted communication across the network.
    • LocoTrol: Uses frequency bands 424-430 MHz.
    • GSM-R/LTE: Uses frequency bands 876-915MHz (uplink) and 921-960MHz (downlink) for GSM-R, as well as 700MHz for LTE.
    • TCAS: Employs frequency bands 405-512 MHz.
    • TETRA: Uses frequency bands 370-430 MHz.

    Tunnel Radio System Details

    • The system provides continuous coverage within the tunnel.
    • It connects with headquarters, operation centers, and handheld devices used by staff and emergency responders.
    • The system includes master units, remote optical units, and off-air repeaters to handle radio signals.
    • Different tunnel lengths use varying equipment setups (e.g., master unit use in tunnels longer than 500m).

    System Details for Tunnel Communication

    • Master Unit: Converts RF signals to light signals for fiber optic transmission. Primarily used for tunnel lengths over 500 meters.
    • Optical Remote Unit: Converts optical signals back to RF for use in tunnel wireless communication (using leaky cables) and connects to the master unit.
    • Off-Air Channelized Repeater: Used for tunnels less than 500 meters to improve signal strength and coverage with high-gain antennas.
    • Leaky Cable: Used for wireless communication within tunnels to provide effective signal transmission. Has slots for the signal to pass.

    Antennas and Fiber Optic Cables

    • Antennas are needed for different tunnel lengths and types of communication (VHF, GSM-R/LTE, TCAS, etc.).
    • Optical fiber cable is crucial. Connecting the master unit to the remote optical unit within tunnels over 500m.
    • Fiber optic cable infrastructure is essential, connecting various points inside the tunnel.

    Power Supply and Junction Box

    • Power supply units are needed to power the system elements inside the tunnel.
    • Fibre junction boxes are needed in tunnels longer than 500 meters to handle the connection points.
    • The systems include battery backup in certain cases.

    Tunnel Communication Diagrams

    • Diagrams exist for tunnel communication setups varying by length and needs.

    Emergency Telephones

    • Emergency telephones should be positioned at key points in tunnels, walkways, and shafts (every 250 meters).
    • They need to operate despite potential noise and low light conditions.

    Public Addressing System

    • A public address system using loudspeakers placed every 100 meters is needed inside tunnels. This is used for maintenance staff communication, incident warnings, etc.

    Hotline Telephone

    • Hotline services should connect to tunnel maintenance boxes and the central tunnel control room (or divisional control room) for prompt issues handling.

    Control and Monitoring

    • A control and monitoring system are necessary to oversee operations within tunnels.

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    Related Documents

    Tunnel Communication PDF

    Description

    Explore the various communication systems used in Indian Railways tunnels. This quiz covers different radio communication technologies, their frequency bands, and the specific needs for effective communication in tunnels. Test your understanding of the importance of these systems in maintenance and safety.

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