Tumors and Cancer Conditions Quiz

A medical imaging technique that uses contrast agents injected into joint spaces to visualize structures like cartilage, ligaments, and tendons on X-ray images.

Arthrography helps identify joint abnormalities like tears, inflammation, and bone spurs that might not be visible on regular X-rays.

A dental X-ray technique that captures a wide view of the upper and lower jaws, including teeth and supporting bone.

Panoramic X-rays are useful in patients who have difficulty opening their mouths or have limited jaw movement.

A dental X-ray technique that utilizes a film placed inside the mouth to capture images of individual teeth and surrounding bone.

An intraoral radiography method where the X-ray beam travels parallel to the long axis of the tooth, resulting in more accurate images.

An intraoral radiography method where the X-ray beam is directed perpendicular to an imaginary line that bisects the angle between the tooth and the film.

An intraoral radiography view that shows the crowns of both upper and lower teeth, particularly useful for detecting cavities between teeth.

A type of extraoral radiography used primarily to diagnose interproximal caries and study the maxillary and mandibular arches.

Dental caries (cavities) appear as radiolucent areas on dental x-rays.

A radiographic artifact that might be mistaken for dental caries, appearing as a darkened area near the neck of the tooth.

Periodontal disease causes bone loss around teeth, visible on x-rays as a change in the relationship between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the crest of the alveolus.

A luxated tooth (displaced from its socket) will show a widened periapical ligament space on occlusal projections.

Tooth fractures show as radiolucent lines between tooth segments, displacement of fragments, and disruption of the tooth's surface on x-rays.

Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that appear as radiolucent (dark) areas on x-rays.

Ameloblastoma of the mandible often shows a multilocular (many chambers) cyst-like lesion, resembling a honeycomb or soap bubble appearance on x-rays.

A type of lung cancer that grows in the upper part of the lung, often affecting the chest wall and surrounding nerves.

Indicates the presence of free fluid in the abdominal cavity, which could suggest conditions like appendicitis, Crohn's disease, or bowel obstruction.

A condition caused by a complete blockage of the aorta, typically affecting the iliac arteries and leading to pain, weakness, and coldness in legs.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a powerful technique used for examining various organs like the brain, prostate, ovaries, liver, and cervix due to its ability to create detailed images of soft tissues.

A type of ultrasound probe with a curved shape designed for examining abdominal organs, as it provides a wide field of view.

A condition affecting the temporomandibular joint characterized by narrowing of the joint space, irregular joint space, subchondral sclerosis, cyst-like areas, osteophytes, and facet formation on the condylar head.

A contrast media used for X-ray imaging of the gastrointestinal tract, specifically the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.

A triangular radiolucent area seen on X-rays, indicating a destructive bone cancer.

Pain in the legs, especially during exertion, caused by inadequate blood flow.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) using contrast agents, primarily gadolinium, to enhance the visualization of tissues.

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays in 1895.

A person with a positive allergic history to iodine preparations should not undergo CT angiography.

Ultrasound (USG) is the initial investigation of choice for suspected gallstones (cholecystolithiasis).

A technique used in urology and gynecology to visualize the vascularization of tumors. It involves injecting a dye into the blood vessels, making them visible on imaging. However, this technique is no longer used due to its harmful effects.

The plane that divides the human body into right and left sections, like slicing a loaf of bread. This plane runs vertically from head to toe.

MRI examination is an absolute contraindication throughout pregnancy due to potential teratogenic (causing birth defects) effects on the fetus.

Lymphangiopathy is a secondary spread of cancer to the lungs through lymphatic vessels. This is common in lung cancer, and often arises from tumors of the digestive tract or breast.

Echogenicity describes how different tissues reflect sound waves during an ultrasound exam. Tissues can be anechoic (no reflection), hypoechoic (low reflection), isoechoic (similar reflection), or hyperechoic (high reflection).

For diagnosing a hemorrhagic stroke, a native CT scan (without contrast dye) is the most appropriate method. This is because the blood itself shows up brightly on the scan, making it easily identifiable.

The density of tissues in a CT scan is measured in Hounsfield units (HU). This unit allows for precise assessment of the different density of tissues in the body.

MRI is valuable for examining various conditions. These include multiple sclerosis, herniated discs in the spine, and injuries that involve soft tissues or tendons. However, it is not the primary method for detecting bone fractures.

Prenatal ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of the developing baby and the mother's uterus. This helps doctors assess the baby's growth, health, and position.

A convex probe, curved like a dome, is used to examine the abdominal organs with ultrasound. It offers a wide field of view for imaging.

Liver cysts can be single, a solitary cyst, multiple, several cysts, or echinococcal, caused by a parasite.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR) doesn't use X-rays. It uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the body.

A Krukenberg tumor is a type of ovarian cancer that spreads to the stomach. It often causes abdominal pain and digestive issues.

Acute pancreatitis, inflammation of the pancreas, can be mild (edematous) or severe (hemorrhagic-necrotic).

If the diaphragm is high, it suggests a potential problem in the abdomen, like a subphrenic abscess, an infection under the diaphragm.

The Seldinger method is a technique used to insert a catheter into a blood vessel, usually the femoral artery or vein in the leg.