Tumors and Cancer Conditions Quiz
44 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a Pancoast tumor?

  • Tumor of the lung and chest wall (correct)
  • Tumor of the pancreas
  • Tumor of the stomach and small intestine
  • Renal tumor

What condition is suggested by the presence of fluid levels in the native abdomen?

  • Crohn's disease
  • Herniation
  • Appendicitis (correct)
  • Ileal control

What is Lerish syndrome associated with?

  • Thrombosis of the hepatic vein
  • Complete aortic occlusion (correct)
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Obstruction of lymphatic vessels

Which method is the choice for examining tumors of the oral cavity, stomach, liver and prostate?

<p>MR imaging (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is primary hepatocellular carcinoma most commonly associated?

<p>Is often found in cirrhotic liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one indication for performing arthrography?

<p>Infections in or near a joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of panoramic radiography?

<p>It takes a long time to produce the image (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intraoral radiography using the bisecting angle technique is associated with which of the following?

<p>Requirement for a longer exposure time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the basic views used in intraoral radiography?

<p>Periapical view, bitewing view, occlusal view (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bitewing view radiographs are primarily used for what purpose?

<p>Detecting interproximal caries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about intraoral radiography is correct?

<p>It is performed with film placed inside the oral cavity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Soft tissue changes revealed by arthrography may include what?

<p>Inflammation of surrounding tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is typically preferred for obtaining periapical images?

<p>Paralleling technique (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging modalities are used for prenatal diagnosis?

<p>USG, CT and MR examination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of probe is used to examine abdominal organs?

<p>Convex probe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of liver cysts?

<p>Single, multiple, echinococcal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which examination is the patient not exposed to X-rays?

<p>MR examination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Krukenberg’s tumor signify?

<p>Ovarian tumor metastasizing to the colon, stomach and pancreas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a form of acute pancreatitis?

<p>Two forms: mild edematous and severe hemorrhagic-necrotic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Seldinger method, where is the catheter introduced?

<p>Vein femoralis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease of the TMJ is characterized by narrowing of the joint space and irregular joint space?

<p>Degenerative joint disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Barium sulfate suspension is incorrect?

<p>It is administered intravenously (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Codman’s triangle is associated with which condition?

<p>Destructive bone cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Claudication pains are characterized as what type of pain?

<p>Lower limb pain after exertion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During contrast MR examination, which type of contrast agents are mainly used?

<p>Gadolinium contrast agents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered X-rays?

<p>Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A contraindication to CT angiography is which of the following?

<p>Positive allergic history for iodine preparations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To examine the abdominal organs, which type of probe is most suitable?

<p>Convex probe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main indication for using occlusal projection in radiography?

<p>To study maxillary and mandibular arches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does dental caries appear on radiographs?

<p>As a radiolucent area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cervical burnout and dental caries is correct?

<p>Cervical burnout can be mistaken for dental caries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone loss is associated with early periodontitis?

<p>Horizontal bone loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature indicates luxation of a tooth on a radiograph?

<p>Widened periapical ligament space (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a dentigerous cyst appear radiographically?

<p>As a well-defined radiopacity with a sclerotic border (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical radiographic appearance of an ameloblastoma of the mandible?

<p>Multilocular cystlike lesion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an incorrect statement about tumors?

<p>Ameloblastoma is always a unilocular lesion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Dopier dyeing is true?

<p>It is utilized to display vascularization of tumors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What plane divides the human body into right and left parts?

<p>Sagittal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the status of MRI examinations during pregnancy?

<p>Absolute contraindication throughout pregnancy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of carcinomatous lung lymphangiopathy?

<p>Hematogenic spread (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes echogenicity in ultrasound imaging?

<p>Various degrees including anechogenic and hyperechogenic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is best for diagnosing a hemorrhagic stroke of the brain?

<p>Native CT scan. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the first X-ray machine in Slovakia used by?

<p>Professor Rudolf Jedlička (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the density of CT examination expressed?

<p>In Hounsfield units (HI) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Arthrography

A medical imaging technique that uses contrast agents injected into joint spaces to visualize structures like cartilage, ligaments, and tendons on X-ray images.

Arthrography Uses

Arthrography helps identify joint abnormalities like tears, inflammation, and bone spurs that might not be visible on regular X-rays.

Panoramic Radiography

A dental X-ray technique that captures a wide view of the upper and lower jaws, including teeth and supporting bone.

Panoramic Radiography Advantages

Panoramic X-rays are useful in patients who have difficulty opening their mouths or have limited jaw movement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intraoral Radiography

A dental X-ray technique that utilizes a film placed inside the mouth to capture images of individual teeth and surrounding bone.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Paralleling Technique

An intraoral radiography method where the X-ray beam travels parallel to the long axis of the tooth, resulting in more accurate images.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bisecting Angle Technique

An intraoral radiography method where the X-ray beam is directed perpendicular to an imaginary line that bisects the angle between the tooth and the film.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bitewing View

An intraoral radiography view that shows the crowns of both upper and lower teeth, particularly useful for detecting cavities between teeth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Occlusal Projection

A type of extraoral radiography used primarily to diagnose interproximal caries and study the maxillary and mandibular arches.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dental Caries on X-rays

Dental caries (cavities) appear as radiolucent areas on dental x-rays.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cervical Burnout

A radiographic artifact that might be mistaken for dental caries, appearing as a darkened area near the neck of the tooth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Periodontal Bone Loss

Periodontal disease causes bone loss around teeth, visible on x-rays as a change in the relationship between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the crest of the alveolus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Luxation on X-rays

A luxated tooth (displaced from its socket) will show a widened periapical ligament space on occlusal projections.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tooth Fracture on X-rays

Tooth fractures show as radiolucent lines between tooth segments, displacement of fragments, and disruption of the tooth's surface on x-rays.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cysts on X-rays

Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that appear as radiolucent (dark) areas on x-rays.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ameloblastoma X-ray Appearance

Ameloblastoma of the mandible often shows a multilocular (many chambers) cyst-like lesion, resembling a honeycomb or soap bubble appearance on x-rays.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pancoast tumor

A type of lung cancer that grows in the upper part of the lung, often affecting the chest wall and surrounding nerves.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fluid levels in the native abdomen

Indicates the presence of free fluid in the abdominal cavity, which could suggest conditions like appendicitis, Crohn's disease, or bowel obstruction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Leriche syndrome

A condition caused by a complete blockage of the aorta, typically affecting the iliac arteries and leading to pain, weakness, and coldness in legs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

MR for examination

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a powerful technique used for examining various organs like the brain, prostate, ovaries, liver, and cervix due to its ability to create detailed images of soft tissues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Convex probe for abdomen

A type of ultrasound probe with a curved shape designed for examining abdominal organs, as it provides a wide field of view.

Signup and view all the flashcards

TMJ Degenerative Joint Disease

A condition affecting the temporomandibular joint characterized by narrowing of the joint space, irregular joint space, subchondral sclerosis, cyst-like areas, osteophytes, and facet formation on the condylar head.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Barium Sulfate Suspension

A contrast media used for X-ray imaging of the gastrointestinal tract, specifically the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Codman’s Triangle

A triangular radiolucent area seen on X-rays, indicating a destructive bone cancer.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Claudication Pain

Pain in the legs, especially during exertion, caused by inadequate blood flow.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Contrast MR Examination

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) using contrast agents, primarily gadolinium, to enhance the visualization of tissues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

X-ray Discovery

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays in 1895.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Contraindication for CT Angiography

A person with a positive allergic history to iodine preparations should not undergo CT angiography.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ultrasound for Cholecystolithiasis

Ultrasound (USG) is the initial investigation of choice for suspected gallstones (cholecystolithiasis).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dopier Dyeing

A technique used in urology and gynecology to visualize the vascularization of tumors. It involves injecting a dye into the blood vessels, making them visible on imaging. However, this technique is no longer used due to its harmful effects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sagittal Plane

The plane that divides the human body into right and left sections, like slicing a loaf of bread. This plane runs vertically from head to toe.

Signup and view all the flashcards

MRI during Pregnancy

MRI examination is an absolute contraindication throughout pregnancy due to potential teratogenic (causing birth defects) effects on the fetus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lymphangiopathy in Lung Cancer

Lymphangiopathy is a secondary spread of cancer to the lungs through lymphatic vessels. This is common in lung cancer, and often arises from tumors of the digestive tract or breast.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Echogenicity

Echogenicity describes how different tissues reflect sound waves during an ultrasound exam. Tissues can be anechoic (no reflection), hypoechoic (low reflection), isoechoic (similar reflection), or hyperechoic (high reflection).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hemorrhagic Stroke Imaging

For diagnosing a hemorrhagic stroke, a native CT scan (without contrast dye) is the most appropriate method. This is because the blood itself shows up brightly on the scan, making it easily identifiable.

Signup and view all the flashcards

CT Density Measurement

The density of tissues in a CT scan is measured in Hounsfield units (HU). This unit allows for precise assessment of the different density of tissues in the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

MRI Main Indications

MRI is valuable for examining various conditions. These include multiple sclerosis, herniated discs in the spine, and injuries that involve soft tissues or tendons. However, it is not the primary method for detecting bone fractures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prenatal Ultrasound

Prenatal ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of the developing baby and the mother's uterus. This helps doctors assess the baby's growth, health, and position.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Abdominal Ultrasound with Convex Probe

A convex probe, curved like a dome, is used to examine the abdominal organs with ultrasound. It offers a wide field of view for imaging.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Liver Cyst Types

Liver cysts can be single, a solitary cyst, multiple, several cysts, or echinococcal, caused by a parasite.

Signup and view all the flashcards

MR Examination and X-rays

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR) doesn't use X-rays. It uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Krukenberg's Tumor

A Krukenberg tumor is a type of ovarian cancer that spreads to the stomach. It often causes abdominal pain and digestive issues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acute Pancreatitis Forms

Acute pancreatitis, inflammation of the pancreas, can be mild (edematous) or severe (hemorrhagic-necrotic).

Signup and view all the flashcards

High Diaphragm: Think Subphrenic Abscess

If the diaphragm is high, it suggests a potential problem in the abdomen, like a subphrenic abscess, an infection under the diaphragm.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Seldinger Method and Catheterization

The Seldinger method is a technique used to insert a catheter into a blood vessel, usually the femoral artery or vein in the leg.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Examination for Dentists

  • Radiopaque Structures: Structures that appear dark on a radiograph, such as bone and calcification.
  • Inverted 'Y' Configuration: Formed by the merging of the maxillary sinus and lateral nasal wall. It's an anatomical landmark, commonly seen in canine or premolar regions.
  • Osteomyelitis: Appears as a radiopaque area with unclear borders.
  • Radiographic Appearance of Structures: Sialoliths, exostoses, and enostoses appear white on a radiograph. Radiolucency is a radiographically dark area of any sort. Odontogenic keratocysts may appear radiolucent.
  • Sialography: A useful diagnostic method for detecting ductal stones. Obstructions result in a filling defect or ductal dilation. Not helpful for autoimmune diseases.
  • CT Examination with Contrast Agent: Avoid in pregnant patients and those with hyperthyroidism or suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage.
  • Dental Cone Beam Imaging: Generates panoramic cone-shaped images of the head and neck, primarily to produce large images.
  • MRI and Contraindications: Dental implants and heart pacemakers are contraindications. MRI is helpful in differentiating malignant from normal tissue.
  • MRI of the Brain: On a T2-weighted image, gray matter appears darker than white matter.
  • Arthrography: A diagnostic technique that involves injecting contrast into a joint and then taking X-rays. It's used to diagnose joint infections, fibrosis related to trauma, and post-surgery assessment of TMJ.
  • Panoramic Radiography: Provides a broader view of upper and lower jaws, useful for detecting broader issues, especially where mouth opening is restricted. Not as crisp as intraoral imaging.
  • Intraoral Radiography, Paralleling Technique: Utilizes an X-ray beam to image teeth perpendicular from a central x ray beam that passes through the center of the image and the bisector between the film and the tooth.
  • Intraoral Radiography, Bisecting Angle Technique: A technique for intraoral radiography where the film is positioned close to the teeth, and the x-ray beam is angled to the bisector of the angle formed between the film and the long axis of the tooth. This method provides periapical projection but not bitewing projection.
  • Bitewing Views: Capture the crowns of upper and lower teeth to detect interproximal caries.
  • Occlusal Projection: Primarily for studying the arches for studying interproximal caries.
  • Dental Caries: Appears radiolucent.
  • Periodontal Diseases: Associated with horizontal bone loss and osseous defects characterized by radiographic relationship of cementoenamel junction (CEJ) with crest of the alveolus.
  • Diagnosis of Trauma: Radiolucent lines between tooth segments, tooth fragment displacement, and disrupted surface continuity are signs of fracture.
  • Cysts: Appear radiolucent and typically involve a sclerotic (dense) or hyperostotic (porous) border. Other examples include naso-palatine and odontogenic cysts.
  • Tumors: Usually are either radiopaque or radiolucent, with a multilocular or unilocular radiographic appearance .
  • Contrast Media: Barium sulfate suspension are used to improve visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Various Methods for Liver Biopsy: Liver biopsy is done when there is a need to evaluate tissue from the liver to diagnose conditions. Multiple procedures are available (USG/CT, laparoscopic) and are performed under local or general anesthesia..
  • Liver Biopsies: Can be performed with various modalities (CT, Ultrasound), frequently using a biopsy “cannon”.
  • Contraindications for MRI: Dental implants and heart pacemakers are contraindications for MRI. MRI may be useful for differentiating malignant tissue from normal tissue.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Radiology Base 2021 PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on various cancer-related topics including Pancoast tumors and Lerish syndrome. This quiz covers methods for examining tumors in distinct organs and associations with primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Dive into the complexities of oncology and expand your understanding.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser