Questions and Answers
What was the main belief held by Tudor Monarchs regarding their power?
Which event was sparked by Charles I's actions in ignoring Parliamentary limits?
What was Oliver Cromwell's title during his rule as Lord Protector?
Which monarch's actions led directly to the Glorious Revolution?
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What was a key outcome of the Glorious Revolution in 1688?
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Which two political factions developed during England's constitutional government?
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What role did Charles II play during the Restoration?
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What system developed under King George I that became integral to government?
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What strategy did Elizabeth I use to maintain her power while working with Parliament?
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What was a significant consequence of James I's belief in absolute monarchy?
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Which group was primarily responsible for the defeat of the Cavaliers during the English Civil War?
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What type of government did Oliver Cromwell establish after Charles I's execution?
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What major change occurred as a result of the Glorious Revolution in 1688?
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During the Restoration period, what was Charles II known for supporting?
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What characterizes the political landscape under England's constitutional government after the Glorious Revolution?
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Which faction supported royal power and the Anglican Church during the formation of political parties?
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What was a significant effect of Cromwell's rule during the Commonwealth?
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How did Charles I's actions contribute to the English Civil War?
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Study Notes
Tudor Monarchs and Parliament
- Monarchs believed in the Divine Right, asserting their authority derived directly from God.
- Henry VIII collaborated with Parliament to sever ties with the Catholic Church and sought their approval for funding, especially for military campaigns.
- Elizabeth I adeptly managed relations with Parliament, primarily consulting them on financial issues while ensuring a balance of power without conceding full control.
Stuart Monarchs and Conflict with Parliament
- James I embraced absolute monarchy and the Divine Right, leading to regular clashes with Parliament over religious, monetary, and governance issues. He dissolved Parliament multiple times, escalating tensions.
- Charles I inherited and escalated conflicts with Parliament by disregarding their authority, which ultimately contributed to the outbreak of the English Civil War.
The English Civil War (1642-1651)
- Cavaliers: Supporters of King Charles I, predominantly wealthy nobles, initially had the advantage in the conflict but were ultimately defeated.
- Roundheads: Parliament supporters, including Puritans and urban citizens, led by Oliver Cromwell’s New Model Army, emerged victorious, leading to Charles I's arrest and execution.
Cromwell and the Commonwealth
- Oliver Cromwell governed England as a republic (Commonwealth) following Charles I's execution and ruled with dictatorial powers as "Lord Protector."
- Enforced stringent Puritan moral codes, which lessened after his death in 1658.
The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution
- Restoration (1660): Charles II was reinstated as monarch after the Commonwealth, known for his support of arts, sciences, and limited religious tolerance except for Catholics.
- James II, who succeeded Charles II, openly practiced Catholicism and sought to centralize power, prompting the Glorious Revolution.
- Glorious Revolution (1688): Resulted in James II's overthrow, replaced by William and Mary, leading to the English Bill of Rights which established a limited monarchy and reinforced Parliamentary authority.
England's Constitutional Government
- Political Parties: Emergence of Tories, who favored royal authority and the Anglican Church, and Whigs, who supported Parliamentary governance and religious tolerance.
- Cabinet System: Developed under King George I, with the Prime Minister leading a key governmental body that directed Parliament.
- Despite new political frameworks, Britain operated as an oligarchy dominated by wealthy landowners, while the growing middle class began to lay the groundwork for the Industrial Revolution.
Tudor Monarchs and Parliament
- Monarchs believed in the Divine Right, asserting their authority derived directly from God.
- Henry VIII collaborated with Parliament to sever ties with the Catholic Church and sought their approval for funding, especially for military campaigns.
- Elizabeth I adeptly managed relations with Parliament, primarily consulting them on financial issues while ensuring a balance of power without conceding full control.
Stuart Monarchs and Conflict with Parliament
- James I embraced absolute monarchy and the Divine Right, leading to regular clashes with Parliament over religious, monetary, and governance issues. He dissolved Parliament multiple times, escalating tensions.
- Charles I inherited and escalated conflicts with Parliament by disregarding their authority, which ultimately contributed to the outbreak of the English Civil War.
The English Civil War (1642-1651)
- Cavaliers: Supporters of King Charles I, predominantly wealthy nobles, initially had the advantage in the conflict but were ultimately defeated.
- Roundheads: Parliament supporters, including Puritans and urban citizens, led by Oliver Cromwell’s New Model Army, emerged victorious, leading to Charles I's arrest and execution.
Cromwell and the Commonwealth
- Oliver Cromwell governed England as a republic (Commonwealth) following Charles I's execution and ruled with dictatorial powers as "Lord Protector."
- Enforced stringent Puritan moral codes, which lessened after his death in 1658.
The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution
- Restoration (1660): Charles II was reinstated as monarch after the Commonwealth, known for his support of arts, sciences, and limited religious tolerance except for Catholics.
- James II, who succeeded Charles II, openly practiced Catholicism and sought to centralize power, prompting the Glorious Revolution.
- Glorious Revolution (1688): Resulted in James II's overthrow, replaced by William and Mary, leading to the English Bill of Rights which established a limited monarchy and reinforced Parliamentary authority.
England's Constitutional Government
- Political Parties: Emergence of Tories, who favored royal authority and the Anglican Church, and Whigs, who supported Parliamentary governance and religious tolerance.
- Cabinet System: Developed under King George I, with the Prime Minister leading a key governmental body that directed Parliament.
- Despite new political frameworks, Britain operated as an oligarchy dominated by wealthy landowners, while the growing middle class began to lay the groundwork for the Industrial Revolution.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the Tudor and Stuart monarchs and their relationships with Parliament. Explore the key events leading to the English Civil War and the impact of the Divine Right on governance during these eras.
