30 Questions
Which material is commonly used to make shower curtains and flexible tubes?
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
What is the molecular structure of silicone rubber?
A chain of silicone and oxygen atoms
Which type of tubing produces less hemolysis than PVC when occluded?
Silicone rubber
Which type of coating can reduce the inflammatory response to foreign material in tubing?
Biocompatible coating
Which type of tubing is made from a non-heparin-based biopassive polymer?
Poly(2methoxyethylacrylate) (PMEA) tubing
Which factor should be considered when selecting the appropriate tubing size?
Application
What is the main advantage of using larger bore tubing?
Requires less pump head revolutions
Which material is the predominant tubing material used in cardiopulmonary bypass?
Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
What is the purpose of adding plasticizers to PVC tubing?
To improve flexibility
How many substances have been tested for use as a polymer plasticizer?
Over 1000
Which family of polymer plasticizers is used for flexibility in plastics?
Phthalates
What type of bonds does PVC have?
Carbon-chloride (C-Cl) bonds
What is the purpose of surface modifications in tubing used in the extracorporeal circuit?
To reduce friction
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an option for tubing material used in cardiopulmonary bypass?
Nylon
Which material is commonly used for medical tubing?
PVC
What is the main purpose of clear tubing used in fluid delivery?
To track fluid movement
Which method is used for the manufacture of plastic tubing that involves pulling reinforced fibers through a die?
Pultrusion
What is the pressure rating of medical tubing?
Maximum pressure the tube can withstand
What is the maximum vacuum rating of medical tubing?
Maximum vacuum pressure the tube can handle
What feature is important for medical tubing used in the extracorporeal circuit?
Coilability
Which material has worse form recovery (compression set) after being under load?
TPE
Which of the following is true about minimum bend radius?
All of the above.
What can happen if a tube is flexed too far?
Both A and B
What material are polycarbonate connectors made of?
Polycarbonate
What is the process of heating the tubing and placing it on the specified connection site called?
Bonding
What is the most common method of sterilizing tubing?
Ethylene Oxide Sterilization
What are the four essential parameters for Ethylene Oxide Sterilization?
Gas concentration, temperature, relative humidity, and exposure time
What is the basic cycle of Ethylene Oxide Sterilization?
Preconditioning, gas introduction, exposure, evacuation, air washes
What is the purpose of mechanical aeration in Ethylene Oxide Sterilization?
To allow desorption of the toxic ETO residual
What is Ethylene Oxide Sterilization best suited for?
All of the above
Study Notes
Materials Used in Medical Tubing
- Silicone is commonly used to make shower curtains and flexible tubes.
- Silicone rubber has a molecular structure of Si-O-Si (silicon-oxygen-silicon).
Hemolysis and Tubing
- Tubing made from silicone produces less hemolysis than PVC when occluded.
- Coating with a non-thrombogenic material can reduce the inflammatory response to foreign material in tubing.
Types of Tubing
- Tubing made from a non-heparin-based biopassive polymer is an example of a biopassive tubing.
- Larger bore tubing is advantageous as it reduces pressure drop and increases flow rate.
Selection of Tubing Size
- Inner diameter and flow rate are important factors to consider when selecting the appropriate tubing size.
Material Properties
- PVC tubing requires the addition of plasticizers to make it flexible.
- Over 30,000 substances have been tested for use as a polymer plasticizer.
- Phthalates are a family of polymer plasticizers used for flexibility in plastics.
- PVC has polar bonds.
Surface Modifications
- Surface modifications in tubing used in the extracorporeal circuit are done to reduce thrombogenicity.
Manufacturing and Sterilization
- Pultrusion is a method used for the manufacture of plastic tubing that involves pulling reinforced fibers through a die.
- Medical tubing has a pressure rating of up to 1000 psi and a maximum vacuum rating of up to 29 inHg.
- Sterilization is essential for medical tubing, and the most common method is Ethylene Oxide Sterilization.
- The four essential parameters for Ethylene Oxide Sterilization are temperature, humidity, gas concentration, and time.
- The basic cycle of Ethylene Oxide Sterilization includes preconditioning, sterilization, and aeration.
- Mechanical aeration is used to remove ethylene oxide residues from the tubing.
- Ethylene Oxide Sterilization is best suited for heat-sensitive materials.
Other Facts
- Polycarbonate connectors are made of polycarbonate material.
- The process of heating the tubing and placing it on the specified connection site is called heat forming.
- Silicone tubing has worse form recovery (compression set) after being under load.
- Minimum bend radius is important for medical tubing used in the extracorporeal circuit to prevent kinking.
- Flexing a tube too far can cause kinking or cracking.
This quiz tests your knowledge on selecting appropriate tubing sizes for arterial and venous perfusion, as well as cardioplegia administration and blood scavenging. Understand how factors like body surface area and cardiac index can guide tubing selection.
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