Tuberculosis Facts and Prevention
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Questions and Answers

A person infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis has an estimated lifetime risk of developing active TB disease. Which range best represents this risk?

  • 35-45%
  • 20-30%
  • 1-5%
  • 10-15% (correct)

Which of the following is the most common mode of transmission for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

  • Inhalation of infected droplet nuclei (correct)
  • Direct contact with contaminated surfaces
  • Vector-borne transmission through insect bites
  • Ingestion of contaminated food or water

According to the 2020 estimates, India contributes approximately what percentage to the global TB mortality burden?

  • 10%
  • 26%
  • 37% (correct)
  • 50%

The National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) aims to achieve specific success rates for different categories of TB cases. What is the target success rate set by NTEP for new TB cases?

<p>90% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically considered a significant risk factor for developing active TB disease after being infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

<p>Regular physical exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST important reason for providing tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) to household contacts (HHC) of active TB patients?

<p>To prevent the development of active TB disease in the contacts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 25-year-old female with pulmonary MDR-TB is being considered for Bedaquiline (BDQ) treatment. Which of the following criteria MUST be met before initiating BDQ therapy?

<p>She is using effective non-hormone-based birth control methods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes the mechanism of action of Bedaquiline (BDQ) in the treatment of MDR-TB?

<p>Targets mycobacterial ATP synthase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 3-year-old child is diagnosed with TB. Why are children in this age group particularly vulnerable to TB infection?

<p>They have a less developed immune system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pre-treatment evaluation is MOST important to conduct for MDR-TB patients?

<p>Thyroid function tests. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For people living with HIV on ART, what duration of daily isoniazid (6H) is recommended for TB preventive therapy (TPT) after ruling out active TB?

<p>6 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Panchayat-led End TB initiative?

<p>Establishing TB diagnostic labs at each Panchayat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the guidelines, which of the following age groups can receive the 3HP (3-month weekly Isoniazid and Rifapentine) regimen for TB preventive therapy?

<p>Children &gt;2 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of training Gram Panchayat members under the End TB initiative?

<p>To equip them with a basic understanding of TB, its diagnosis, treatment, and community support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within the Panchayat-led End TB initiative, what is the purpose of a 'TB Mukt Panchayat'?

<p>A strategy for scaling up initiatives aimed towards TB elimination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Tuberculosis (TB)

An infectious disease primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

TB Transmission

Inhalation of infected droplet nuclei discharged by untreated TB patients.

TB Risk Factors

Diabetes, smoking, alcohol abuse, malnutrition, overcrowding, low socioeconomic status, and immunocompromised conditions.

NTEP Objectives

To achieve 90% notification rate for all cases, 90% success rate for new cases and 85% for retreatment cases, and improve outcomes for DR-TB cases.

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India's TB Burden

The estimated percentage of global TB incidence that occurs in India.

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Bedaquiline (BDQ) mechanism

Targets mycobacterial ATP synthase, disrupting energy supply to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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Bedaquiline (BDQ) criteria

Adults (≥18 years) with pulmonary MDR-TB, not pregnant (females), and using non-hormonal birth control.

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MDR-TB Pre-treatment Evaluation

Detailed history, weight/height, CBC, diabetes screen, blood/urine tests, chest X-ray.

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Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy (TPT) recipients

Household contacts (HHC) of active TB patients.

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Paediatric TB

1 to 4 years; source is usually adult open TB cases; often extra-pulmonary; rarely sputum positive.

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TB Preventive Treatment (TPT)

Using Isoniazid and/or Rifapentine to prevent TB in those at high risk.

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TPT Regimens

Daily isoniazid for 6 months or weekly isoniazid and rifapentine for 3 months.

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TB Mukt Panchayat

A village-level initiative to boost TB elimination efforts.

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Panchayat TB Training

Training local leaders on TB basics, diagnosis, treatment, and community awareness.

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TB Health Workbook

Maintaining records of TB cases and activities at the local government level.

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