Tu Youyou's Research on Herbal Medicine
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Questions and Answers

What primary method did Tu Youyou's research employ for preparing herbal extracts?

  • Decoction method involving simmering (correct)
  • Cold infusion of herbs
  • Fermentation of plant materials
  • Extraction using alcohol

Which of the following statements about the focus of Tu Youyou's research is accurate?

  • The research was aimed specifically at improving the efficacy of vaccines.
  • The research was concentrated on developing herbal supplements for general health.
  • The research aimed to eliminate Plasmodium parasites. (correct)
  • The research targeted the enhancement of synthetic drugs.

Which plant extract was identified as promising yet produced inconsistent results in Tu Youyou's study?

  • Echinacea purpurea
  • Rhodiola rosea
  • Artemisia annua (Sweet Wormwood) (correct)
  • Quinine from Cinchona bark

How many different plants' extracts were tested in the research conducted by Tu Youyou?

<p>380 extracts from 200 plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tu Youyou advocated for integrating which of the following in her research approach?

<p>Various fields including herbal, mineral, and animal substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What inspired Tu Youyou to pursue research in medicines?

<p>Her experience with tuberculosis during her teenage years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major challenge did Tu Youyou face during her research for an antimalarial treatment?

<p>The increasing resistance of malaria parasites to existing treatments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Tu Youyou's team successfully discover artemisinin?

<p>1969 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a significant factor in Tu Youyou's discovery process for artemisinin?

<p>Ancient Chinese medicine recipes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease did Tu Youyou initially study early in her research career?

<p>Schistosomiasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of Project 523, which Tu Youyou led?

<p>To find new antimalarial drugs from traditional Chinese medicine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What notable position does Tu Youyou currently hold?

<p>Chief scientist at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Tu Youyou contribute to the understanding of traditional Chinese medicine?

<p>By emphasizing its potential as a resource for new medicines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did Valentina Tereshkova become the first woman to fly in space?

<p>1963 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which significant position did Valentina Tereshkova hold after her space flight?

<p>Member of the Supreme Soviet Presidium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many orbits around Earth did Valentina Tereshkova complete during her flight?

<p>48 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year did Valentina Tereshkova gain her doctorate in engineering?

<p>1977 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Valentina Tereshkova's skills that contributed to her success as a cosmonaut?

<p>Expert parachuting skills (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What inspired Tu Youyou's research into antimalarial treatments?

<p>Traditional Chinese medicine and older medical texts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes artemisinin's mechanism of action against malaria parasites?

<p>It damages the parasite's membranes and interrupts hemoglobin digestion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method did Tu Youyou use to extract artemisinin from Artemisia annua?

<p>Low-temperature extraction using water, ethanol, and ethyl ether (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which active derivative of artemisinin was developed later for enhanced potency?

<p>Dihydroartemisinin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary benefit of artemisinin combination therapies according to the research findings?

<p>They treat over 198 million people annually (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguished Tu Youyou's achievements in the field of medicine?

<p>First Chinese woman to win the Nobel Prize in Medicine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist's research led to the creation of the drug ivermectin?

<p>Satoshi Omura (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many compounds were tested worldwide before discovering the benefits of artemisinin?

<p>240,000 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What milestone did Jane Goodall achieve in 1965 that was significant for her career?

<p>Earned a PhD in ethology from Cambridge University (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior of chimpanzees was notably revealed through Goodall's research?

<p>Utilization of tools for food gathering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Jane Goodall Institute founded in 1977?

<p>To promote global conservation efforts for chimpanzees (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Jane Goodall initially manage to gain the trust of the chimpanzees during her research?

<p>Through patience and understanding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did Goodall's observations challenge previous beliefs about chimpanzees?

<p>They exhibit complex emotions and social behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which program did Goodall establish in 1991 to encourage youth involvement in conservation?

<p>Roots &amp; Shoots program (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Jane Goodall's early studies into chimpanzee behavior impact perceptions of human-chimpanzee similarities?

<p>They demonstrated surprising similarities in emotional and social behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant role has Goodall played in the field of conservation beyond her research?

<p>Inspiring future generations of scientists, especially women (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Artemisinin

A key malaria treatment discovered by Tu Youyou.

Tu Youyou's Approach

Integrating diverse disciplines like herbal medicine and biology for research

Tu Youyou

Chinese pharmacologist and Nobel laureate for discovering artemisinin.

Herbal Extract Testing

Systematic testing of plant extracts to find malaria remedies

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Project 523

A secret Chinese government project to find a new antimalarial drug led by Tu Youyou.

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Plasmodium Parasites

Target of the research. The parasite causing malaria

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Malaria

A disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, spread by mosquitos.

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Artemisia annua

A plant extract that initially showed promise against malaria, but results varied

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Traditional Chinese Medicine

Traditional approach using decoction for herbal treatments

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Traditional Chinese Medicine

A rich source of remedies, used for centuries in China including for finding Artemisia annua.

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Nobel Prize

A prestigious international award recognizing outstanding contributions.

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Tuberculosis (TB)

A contagious bacterial lung disease.

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Schistosomiasis

A parasitic disease; also called bilharzia.

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Artemisinin

An active compound, isolated from Qinghao, highly effective in treating malaria.

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Qinghao

A medicinal herb, also known as Artemisia annua, used in traditional Chinese medicine.

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Tu Youyou

Chinese scientist who discovered artemisinin, awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

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Ivermectin

A potent anti-parasitic medicine discovered by Satoshi Omura.

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Satoshi Omura

Japanese scientist who researched Streptomyces avermitilis and discovered ivermectin, awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Prestigious award recognizing outstanding achievements in medical science, won by Tu Youyou and Satoshi Omura in 2015.

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Dihydroartemisinin

A more potent form of artemisinin, used in malaria treatment.

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Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)

System of medicine from China, where Tu Youyou found inspiration for her research.

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First Woman in Space

Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman to travel into space.

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Vostok 6 Mission

The spacecraft Valentina Tereshkova used for her historic spaceflight.

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Space Race Impact

Political competition between the US and USSR, leading to advancements in space technology, including female space travel.

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Tereshkova's Background

Soviet cosmonaut who was a textile factory worker and parachutist before space training.

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1963 Spaceflight

The year Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in space, flying on Vostok 6.

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Jane Goodall's Field

Jane Goodall is a renowned primatologist specializing in chimpanzee behavior and conservation.

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Gombe Study (Year)

Jane Goodall began her chimpanzee study in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, in 1960.

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Chimpanzee Tool Use

Chimpanzees have been observed using tools, like sticks, to gather food, showcasing similarities to human behaviors.

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Goodall's PhD Field

Jane Goodall earned a PhD in ethology from Cambridge University, a field studying animal behavior, despite not having a prior undergraduate degree.

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Jane Goodall Institute (Year)

Jane Goodall established the Jane Goodall Institute in 1977 for chimpanzee conservation research, education, and efforts.

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Roots & Shoots Program

A program started by Jane Goodall in 1991 to train young people as conservation leaders, emphasizing environmental sustainability.

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Chimpanzee Complexities

Chimpanzees display complex personalities, emotions, and social behaviors, including intra-species conflict, cooperative hunting, and omnivorous diets.

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Human-Chimpanzee Similarities

Chimpanzee behavior shows surprising similarities to human behavior in emotions, intelligence, social structures, and relationships, both positive and negative, highlighting our close evolutionary relationship.

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