تطوير الأراضي العمرانية في السعودية

Urban Land Development Process

• Saudi Arabian cities have undergone significant urban transformations.
• Land subdivision is a crucial stage, transitioning raw land into urban land and integrating it into the urban land market.
• This study examines the urban land development process using a review of existing literature.

Different Models for Land Development

• Economic Model: Focuses on demand, rentals, and revenues. (Chesire and Sheppard, 1989)
• Sequential Model: Emphasizes stages of development from the perspective of real estate managers. (Cadman and Austin-Grow, 1978)
• Participatory Model: Highlights the roles of participants in the development process. (Goodchild and Munton, 1985)
• Structural Model: Based on political economy and influential forces affecting land development processes.
• Institutional Model: Offers a comprehensive view of the development process. (Healey, 1992)

Land Development Stages

• Land Provision: Involves introducing undeveloped land to the market. (SCET, 1980)
• Land Enhancement: Subdivision and infrastructure development.
• Construction and Building: Final stage. (SCET, 1980)

Land Provision Methods

• Land Grants: Municipalities create land subdivision plans and distribute land to citizens. (SCET, 1980)
• Inheritance: Transfer of land ownership to heirs.
• Land Reclamation: Legally reclaiming and owning previously unusable land
• Purchase: Agreement between buyer and seller.
• Agricultural Land: Conversion from agricultural use requires clearing.

Land Enhancement

• Subdivision: Requires municipal approval aligned with urban area regulations.
• Infrastructure: Typically provided by authorities, with developers contributing minimally in some cases (e.g., road paving).

Building Construction

• Construction stage follows land subdivision and ownership transfer.
• Construction might precede infrastructure development.

Land Development Participants

• Landowners: Decide on land disposal strategies. Owners may be investors, users, or have other motives (e.g., inheritances).
• Real Estate Agents: Act as intermediaries between buyers and sellers.
• Businesses: Initiate construction of residential and commercial projects.
• Government: Regulates development, ensures infrastructure provision, and supports the process.
• Developers: Large-scale residential or tourism project developers.

Land Ownership Motives

• Profit maximization
• Family obligations or other personal needs
• Charitable motivations (e.g., waqf land)
• Other factors like improved neighborhood status.

Landowner Investment Strategies

• Financial decisions (e.g., when to sell)
• Execution decisions (e.g., subdividing, selling as a whole)
• Property management decisions.

Land Sale Decisions:

• Financial factors (e.g., profit maximization)
• Necessary funding
• Personal reasons
• Improvement in the surrounding area.

Land Sale Methods:

• Real estate agents
• Consultants
• Auctions
• Local newspaper ads
• Direct contact with purchasers.

Real Estate Agents in Land Development

• Registered Real Estate Agents: Operate under commerce ministry regulations.
• Independent Agents: Often act as intermediaries.

Landowners of Subdivided Plots

• Motivations: Development for habitation, investment, or speculation.
• Strategies: Financial, execution, or property management decisions.

Government Role During Land Development

• Land provision: Through grants, regulation, and funding.
• Process regulation: Oversight and coordination.
• Infrastructure provision and support.

Important Events in Land Development

• Initial land suitability assessment for subdivision or development.
• Subdivision of land plots.
• Start of construction or development.

Factors Affecting Land Development Decisions

• Site characteristics
• Participant characteristics
• Land development regulations
• Land market conditions

Different Land Development Paths

• Selling undeveloped land.
• Inheriting land.
• Reclaiming and owning land.
• Being granted land.
• Obtaining subdivision approval.
• Obtaining building permits.
• Starting construction.

Model of Land Development (Visual Representation)

• Shows interconnected events and participant roles in land development processes.

Conclusion

• The available literature on Saudi Arabian land development requires additional analysis.
• The study provides insights into the actors in the land development process, highlighting the role of landowners, real estate agents, developers, and government.
• A model representing the stages and participant roles in the land development process is provided.