Paedriatics + Urinary Men
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary rationale for recommending probiotics and prebiotics to individuals with prostatitis?

  • To alleviate pain and inflammation through their analgesic properties.
  • To directly target and eliminate the bacterial infection within the prostate gland.
  • To reduce the frequency of urination by altering the osmolarity of urine.
  • To enhance microbial diversity and increase anti-inflammatory _Prevotella_ levels in the gut microbiota. (correct)

Considering Roger's case (57-year-old plumber with BPH, pre-diabetes, and stress), which dietary modification would directly address his BPH symptoms?

  • Increasing high cows’ dairy consumption to improve calcium absorption.
  • Reducing white carbohydrate intake to manage pre-diabetic status. (correct)
  • Maintaining processed meat consumption for protein intake while on statins.
  • Eliminating boiled vegetables to reduce potential sources of toxins.

Given Roger's medication usage (statins for hypercholesterolemia), what is a crucial consideration when recommending naturopathic interventions?

  • Monitoring potential interactions between statins and natural supplements. (correct)
  • Recommending higher doses of fat-soluble vitamins to counteract statin effects.
  • Advising immediate cessation of statins to assess the efficacy of naturopathic treatments.
  • Ensuring that naturopathic recommendations do not negatively impact cholesterol levels.

Which of the following mechanisms describes how the infant gut is initially colonized with beneficial bacteria?

<p>Vertical transmission of microbes from mother's gut to breast milk, facilitated by dendritic cells and macrophages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In developing a naturopathic plan for Roger, which of the following therapeutic aims addresses his stress-related symptoms most directly?

<p>Reducing circulating thoughts and improving sleep quality. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do dendritic cells play in establishing the infant's microbiome through breastfeeding?

<p>They open intestinal tight junctions to sample the mother’s GI microbiome. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be the least appropriate initial step in addressing Roger's BPH from a naturopathic perspective?

<p>Advising a radical elimination diet to identify food sensitivities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial genera are most heavily found in breastmilk?

<p>Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the infant microbiome affect the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS)?

<p>A diverse microbiome colonization is essential for the development of the ENS. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of an absence of an established microbiota in infants?

<p>Hypersensitivity of the HPA-axis stress response. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical window for optimising the gut-brain axis connection through diverse microbiome colonisation?

<p>From birth to 3 years. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do macrophages play in establishing the infant's microbiome through breastfeeding?

<p>Macrophages transport bacteria to breast tissue via the lymph. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of normalizing the microbiota in young children?

<p>It has been shown to reduce the stress response. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When conducting consultations with children, at what age is it appropriate to begin directly engaging the child in answering questions, with parental support?

<p>From the age of 2-3 years, involving them in the conversation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a consultation with a child, which observation technique is most effective for understanding their emotional state and physical well-being?

<p>Observing how the child interacts with their environment, their posture, and physical appearance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of the underdevelopment of the myenteric plexus due to the absence of an established microbiota?

<p>Disrupted control of peristalsis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nutritionist is advising the parent of a 'fussy eater'. What strategy is most appropriate to ensure the child receives a broad spectrum of nutrients without causing mealtime stress?

<p>Hiding nutrient-dense foods in familiar meals like smoothies or sauces. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When recommending supplements to children, what form and flavor considerations are most important to ensure compliance and safety?

<p>Chewable or powdered supplements with palatable flavors are a good choice. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you best describe the recommended approach to a child's diet, emphasizing long-term health and nutritional adequacy?

<p>Focus on adding nutrient-dense foods rather than limiting the child's dietary choices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nutritionist is planning a dietary strategy for a child needing to take supplements but disliking their taste. Which of these methods is most likely to effectively mask the supplement's flavor?

<p>Mixing the supplement with maple syrup, cocoa powder, or organic yogurt. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to primarily utilize organic food sources when planning the diet of infants and young children?

<p>Infants and children are more sensitive to the synthetic additives and chemicals found in non-organic foods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A child experiencing frequent infections and slow recovery may benefit most from interventions focused on which of the following?

<p>Enhancing the gut microbiome and overall immune system function. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is honey not recommended for infants under 12 months old?

<p>It may contain botulism spores, which infants' immune systems cannot fight off. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of Allicin is NOT mentioned in the text?

<p>Vasodilatory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary anti-microbial component found in Manuka honey?

<p>Methylglyoxal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how ginger provides therapeutic benefits for coughs, colds, and fevers?

<p>It inhibits inflammatory pathways and has anti-microbial properties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Vitamin C contribute to immune function in the context of viral respiratory infections?

<p>By up-regulating interferons, natural killer cells, and T-cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Zinc in supporting immune function?

<p>It enhances the activity of phagocytes, natural killer cells, T-cells, and B-cells, while also inhibiting viral replication. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Vitamin A considered critical for immune function?

<p>It is essential for the health of epithelial cells and mucous membranes, and regulates immune responses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Vitamin D impact the immune system?

<p>It modulates both adaptive and innate immunity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies is most appropriate for determining the correct supplement dosage for a child?

<p>Using Young’s rule to find dose. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary function of testosterone in males?

<p>Promoting the development of male sexual characteristics and supporting muscle and bone growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of circulating testosterone is typically considered 'free testosterone'?

<p>Approximately 1-2% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical sign or symptom associated with low testosterone levels in men?

<p>Increased muscle bulk and strength. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate rate at which testosterone levels decline in men after the age of 40?

<p>Approximately 1% each year. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the testes are primarily responsible for the production of testosterone?

<p>Leydig cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides the testes, which other organ contributes to testosterone production in men, although to a lesser extent?

<p>Adrenal glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'bioavailable testosterone'?

<p>The sum of free testosterone and albumin-bound testosterone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do chronic stress and elevated levels of cortisol affect testosterone release?

<p>They have inhibitory effects on testosterone release. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Low testosterone levels are associated with increased risk of which of the following?

<p>Insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 50-year-old male patient presents with symptoms of low libido, fatigue, and loss of muscle mass. Considering the typical age-related decline in testosterone, what initial course of action is most appropriate?

<p>Recommend lifestyle changes, such as exercise and stress reduction, and conduct a thorough hormone level assessment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Paediatric Consultations: Supervision

Consultations with infants and children require the presence of a parent or legal guardian.

Engaging Children in Consults

From the age of 2 or 3, actively involve the child in the consultation by asking them questions directly.

Paediatric Consultation: Observation skills

Observe physical cues (slumping, fidgeting) and appearance (pale, dark circles) to gain insights into the child's health.

Child-Relatable Language

Use child-friendly language like 'fairy potions' or 'dinosaur drinks' to make plans and treatments more appealing.

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Nutrient Sensitivity

Infants and children are more sensitive; prioritize organic food and consider hiding vegetables in smoothies or sauces for 'fussy eaters'.

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Supplement Forms and Flavors

Use chewable or powdered supplements, disguising liquids in juices or jellies to improve palatability.

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Diet Focus: Add, Don't Restrict

Rather than restricting a child’s diet, concentrate on adding nutrient-dense foods to enhance overall nutrition

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Dendritic Cells

Antigen-presenting cells that capture and present antigens to lymphocytes.

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Breastmilk Microbiome Source

The translocation of the maternal gut microbiome to the breast tissue.

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Myenteric Plexus

Nerves in the GIT that control peristalsis.

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ENS (Enteric Nervous System)

The nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract.

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Diverse Microbiome

Essential for CNS and ENS development in infants.

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Myenteric Plexus Underdevelopment

Linked to absence of an established microbiota.

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HPA-Axis Hypersensitivity

Linked to absence of an established microbiota in infants.

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Critical Window for Gut-Brain Axis

Birth to 3 years.

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Breastmilk Bacteria

Colonised with Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp.

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Probiotics & Prebiotics

Beneficial bacteria or their food that can improve gut health, often deficient in prostatitis.

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BPH Symptoms in Case Study

A case study subject experiences urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, and incomplete evacuation related to BPH

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Case Study Diet (Roger)

High dairy, processed meat, and refined carbohydrates.

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Clinical EFT Benefits

Emotional Freedom Techniques can improve health markers.

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C-section babies

Compromised early microbiome development.

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Androgens

Hormones that promote male characteristics.

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Testosterone

A steroid sex hormone controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, primarily produced in the testes by Leydig cells.

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Testosterone Functions

Facial hair, voice deepening, penis and testes development, libido, sperm production, muscle growth, and bone density.

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Testosterone Binding

Albumin (~60%) and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) (~40%).

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Bioavailable Testosterone

Free testosterone + albumin-bound testosterone.

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Low Testosterone Risks

Insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular disease risk.

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Low Testosterone Symptoms

Central weight gain, low energy/libido, erectile dysfunction, infertility, osteoporosis, hair loss, fatigue, muscle loss, mood changes.

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Low Testosterone Causes

Ageing (1% decline per year after 40) and chronic stress.

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Stress Hormones

Cortisol and epinephrine.

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Andropause

The decline of testosterone with age.

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Recurrent Infections

Persistent infections despite treatment may indicate a compromised immune system needing microbiome support.

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Garlic's Benefits

Freshly grated garlic boosts immunity (NK cells, interferons), acts as an antimicrobial, and thins mucus, due to allicin.

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Onion & Honey Remedy

Onion and manuka honey mix creates antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, soothing sore throats via phenolic compounds and methylglyoxal.

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Ginger Drink Benefits

Ginger in hot water with lemon and honey acts as an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial, inhibiting LOX, COX, and TNF-α.

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Vitamin C for Colds

Vitamin C can prevent and relieve viral respiratory infections by up-regulating interferons, natural killer cells, and T-cells.

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Zinc's Immune Role

Zinc boosts immune cell activity (phagocytes, NK cells, T-cells, B-cells), inhibits viral replication, and reduces inflammatory cytokines like IL-6.

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Vitamin A Importance

Vitamin A is vital for epithelial cells, mucous membranes, growth, development, and regulates immune responses, enhancing T-cell proliferation.

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Vitamin D and Immunity

Vitamin D modulates both adaptive and innate immunity; deficiency is linked to reduced immunity.

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Young's Rule

Young's Rule is a formula used to calculate appropriate medication dosages for children based on their age.

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Therapeutic Foods

Therapeutic foods like garlic, ginger, and onions contain compounds that are anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and support the immune system.

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Study Notes

Naturopathic Nutrition Year 2: Study Notes on Paediatrics, Urinary Health, and Men's Health

  • This lecture covers Paediatrics, Urinary Health, and Men's Health.

Paediatric Consultation Care

  • Paediatric consultations require the presence of a parent or legal guardian for infants and children.
  • For children aged 2/3 years and older, involve the child in the consultation. Older children can answer questions with parent/guardian assistance.
  • Paediatric consultations may need to be shorter due to shorter attention skills of a younger client, impacting the gathering of a health history.
  • Child preparation for the consultation is important.
  • Include the child directly in the consultation discussion.
  • Providing adequate time for the child to respond is important.
  • Avoid monopolizing the conversation with the child.
  • Observe physical cues and appearances in children.
  • Assess how the child reacts to their surroundings; this may help to determine if they are shy, confident, talkative, happy, sad, or tired.
  • Notice how the child physically sits, whether they slump, wiggle, or clutch their knees.
  • Pale skin, robust appearance, redness, or dark circles under the eyes are all things to notice.
  • Change descriptions and questions into child-relatable terms.
  • Work out the best treatment strategy with the consideration for the child.
  • Presenting the plan as 'fairy potions', 'witchy brews', or 'green dinosaur drinks' can help with compliance.
  • Children are sensitive to man-made nutrients and supplements.
  • Emphasizing organic food choices and hiding foods can be helpful for fussy eaters, hiding foods in smoothies and sauces.
  • Chewable or powdered supplements are generally well tolerated.
  • Liquids can be hidden in juices, smoothies, or jellies.
  • Maple syrup, cocoa powder, dates, organic yoghurts, and frozen banana/berries can mask the flavour of supplements that children won't take independently
  • Avoid strict diets for a child and focus on adding nutrient-dense foods instead.
  • It is important to adjust supplement dosages according to the child's age.
  • For infants still breastfeeding, it is important to dose for the mother instead.
  • Fried's rule is used for infants under 2 years of age when dosing: calculated as (Age in months ÷ 150) x adult dose.
  • Young's rule is used for children 2 years and above : this is calculated as Age of child ÷ (age of child + 12) x adult dose.
  • It is important to consider children who are larger or smaller than average when dosing supplements.

Paediatric GIT Health

  • Good digestive health for children is paramount as it directly impacts overall health.
  • Issues with gut health can result in significant issues as they age.
  • A young child's digestive tract is much more sensitive than an adult's.
  • It is important to apply gentle therapeutics in appropriate doses.
  • Harsh protocols, such as anti-Candida diets or enemas, should be avoided.
  • It is important to optimise digestion with a focus on organic, seasonal food and gentle herbal teas e.g. chamomile, rosehip, nettle, and vegetable juices.
  • If supplementation is required, there are gentler versions that can be considered to have less impact on a developing digestive tract.
  • Harsh supplements such as psyllium husk can be switched for slippery elm powder.
  • ACV before meals can be switched for lemon juice in water served as a salad dressing
  • Avoid bitter foods in salads and opt for green smoothies, sauces or stews
  • Essential oils should be used topically/ aromatically instead of internally, and use fresh herbs instead such as garlic, thyme and oregano.
  • Turmeric can impact and overpower the flavour of smoothies and jellies, and be given in non-spicy curries instead
  • Spirulina powder can be substituted for chlorella liquid with peppermint.
  • Ant-Candida diets can be substituted for removing sugar and dosing S. boulardiii and Probiotics

The Infant Microbiome

  • Building an infant's microbiome in the first month is vital.
  • Reduced microbiome diversity increases the risks of obesity, Type II diabetes, and other inflammatory conditions such as IBD, asthma.
  • A microbiome with higher diversity contributes to healthy neurological and cognitive development and stimulates immunity.
  • Higher microbiome diversity aids the body to respond appropriately to vaccines and pathogens.
  • Prenatal environment, delivery, and postnatal environmental factors and breastfeeding play a role in establishing the microbiome from birth.
  • Vaginal birth enables the picking up of mothers microbiome
  • The microbiome is transferred via the passage through the canal and rectum.
  • Caesarean deliveries prevent microbiome transfer, but there is a higher risk of maternal antibiotic use.
  • Studies are in progress about the efficacy of maternal faecal transplants to normalise microbiome where there has caesarean delivery
  • Vaginal seeding is an option on a birth plan if the mother's microbiome is healthy.
  • Excessive pressure via forcep/ ventouse/ assisted births can compress the cranial bones interfering with breastfeeding..
  • Infants born vaginally will have greater microbial variation.
  • Vaginally born infants show high levels of Bacteroides spp, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterobacter and Streptococcus.
  • Babies born via C-section have good levels of Lactobacillus, but lower levels of Bifidobacterium and higher levels of Clostridium and Staphylococcus.
  • Low levels of Bifidobacterium early in life can result in a greater risk of atopic diseases later in life. Colonisation of microbiota is higher for infants via vaginal birth compared to C-section.
  • Microbial diversity has a function in lactose digestion, intestinal wall structure via short chain fatty acids, and generating innate immune.
  • Peristalsis is also stabilised
  • Production of both antimicrobials and iron-scavenging compounds.
  • Bifodabcteria create a large range of essential nutrients and Vitamins.
  • B.bifidum generates thiamine, niacin, folate, and biotin.
  • B.infantis develops the nicotinic acid.
  • B.breve and longum produce essential stores of pyridoxine, riboflavin, cobalamin, and ascorbate are made.
  • The gut-brain axis is also impacted as the nervous system and microbiota is heavily linked the status.
  • Lack of varied microbiome has been found to reduce myenteric nerves and increase HPA-axis.
  • Improved microbiota has shown reduction in stress.
  • From 3 years to birth microbial development is high, it is essential to increase the link between both neurological functions.
  • Infant temperament is heavily impacted.
  • An increased rate of klebsiela and ruminoccus has been correlated with reducing temper via. The microbiome is aided Via breastmilk; pre and Pro Biotics. Heavily populated by Bifidobacterium and Breve

Infantile colic

  • Regular unknown crying cause when infant is otherwise healthy. Signs-body stiffening,curling their legs upwards, usually occurs a few weeks after birth resolves by 3/4 mths
  • Burping for as long as they feed/ reducing trapping of air. maternal baby probiotics L.REUTERI
  • Gentle pressure on abodemen via TIGER HOLD, gentle bicycling of legs or abdonim massage oil- chamomile/Mandrian clockwise! water- 37 degrees.
  • Fennelseds -3/6 cups, Place 1 tsp in 300ml of water and boil for 10-15 mins, or mix in formoula feeds
  • camermoline tea - give age adjusted dose, as syringe.
  • Check diet dairy egg soy coffee lentils, gas foods crucifers/fried foods, lower exposure ti sinus, carry bab. Support and check on parents
  • -3X Daily for 10 days Sulphur antibiotics given Opium stasis - constipation Authusa - Vomit. Diearre Cham - held, foul smelling Colo - Symptoms relive by pressure Lyco- press - 4/8pm Mag - gentle Cell Salts Made by helios pharmacy in N6 SUCRORSE Pills, - nipple 2/3 daily Calcium loss, rapid growth Ferrum cheek Mag - spams All mur Teething is - 47mths, local temperiture- constant dribbing comfort and bfeeding, 38 def flushed •Homepohatthic 30/200C MAx 6 A DAY, Chillbed veg, gum rubbing clean fingers •Teathing Tea- combine her sothesn/eases pay - help mother

Coughs, Colds, and Fevers

  • Blocken nose, sneezing, soar. Need a better IS. Can be premature Fresh gerber, grate Vit AcDE tissue. Sulur at night 3x Fevers over 38C Benfits if under 40 due to cell growth

Otitis Media

  • infection via cold, glue lack fluid -acute infection, due between 3/4 mnhts via etustach allergy related
  • Remove dairy feed up compress remove allergy dentist
  • Homeo - Aconite - comes from wind exposure Merc right ear Home is every 4 hrs
  • Child Axiety- from food acivity. Social media irrated. Remove sugar. Support levels. Camaumlelavander tec

Urinary System

  • Comprises kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra, eliminates waster, electrolyte bal. 40/90 ages TCM- linked ti fertility . Vitiliy. Fear. Adreal
  • Hytration 1.5/2. Moderate salt, avoid protiem cloudy- infection. pink beet root Dermation urehtis cystis Shorter urtetha, Meno low oesto, pregnancy, sex elders, lower imuity Gut Axis

UT

  • Suger, cadffiee reduce, eat plaTns, Vit ACD probio.
  • Herblet sUP, Intersy - NO CURE. AVOID. AVOID IFRTANTS LIKE ALOGE, Avoid high - Stovkes. Allium Spermesis 50, at 90, dreetc
  • Test, psa levels

Men's Healht

Androe- from man,

  • Testosterone steroid Sex hornmes, testcles by leydig cells
  • Charecteristitcs muscle- 12% is free rest bond
  • LOW TEST, low energery, central weight gain, from 40, cortisoe inhbit
  • T00, bndong too high, thyrod, toxosni, iron, seepinhyghy

androgens + Low testosterone

  • Adress cuase diet high at rest. Lowgi diet,
  • Resiste exc , slee,. Liver detox. Bvits .
  • Testosterone product . Leady .

ED

  • 50 ages Alchlo, diet, meds. Exereice and c diet, supp
  • Mimese,. Stess relgife Aegnin, .

Benigen Prost

  • Dhy required. Hight stress,. Decline test increase.
  • Zin, LowerDHT Inc Lupene grn TEA EAT rainbow
  • 4 is diet

Prostate cant

  • Over eat hgh increase. Psa

  • Dht Poor myletia , high sugar- Lypopbe

  1. Hishitea

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