Tsunami Formation and Characteristics

Study Notes

What is a Tsunami?

A tsunami is a series of ocean waves caused by an underwater earthquake or disturbance.
It can be one huge wave or a series of waves.

Characteristics of Tsunami Waves

In the deep ocean, tsunami waves move incredibly fast, traveling hundreds of miles per hour.
On the surface, the waves appear small and insignificant, making them difficult to detect.
As the waves approach land, they slow down and grow taller, reaching heights of over 21 meters (70 feet).

Effects of a Tsunami

When a tsunami hits land, it can cause unbelievable destruction, sweeping away people, homes, and trees.
Survivors face immense challenges, including the loss of homes, neighborhoods, and loved ones.

The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

On December 26, 2004, a strong underwater earthquake in the Indian Ocean triggered a devastating tsunami.
The tsunami affected over ten countries in Southern Asia and Eastern Africa, causing severe damage and loss of life.
The lack of a warning system in the Indian Ocean meant that people were unaware of the approaching tsunami and were unprepared.
The disaster resulted in the loss of over 200,000 lives.

Modern Tsunami Warning Systems

Today, tsunami warning systems have been set up in high-risk areas to reduce the loss of life.
Satellites can track tsunami waves with greater accuracy than ever before.
Radio-operated buoys float in oceans where tsunamis occur, detecting unusual waves and transmitting warnings to land.

Description

Learn about the formation and characteristics of tsunamis, which are massive ocean waves typically caused by underwater earthquakes. Discover how tsunamis can travel at high speeds in deep waters and grow taller as they approach the shore.