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Questions and Answers
What is a negative effect of sulfur dioxide on human beings?
What is a negative effect of sulfur dioxide on human beings?
What is the result when Sulfur oxide reacts with water in the atmosphere?
What is the result when Sulfur oxide reacts with water in the atmosphere?
What is a negative effect of a debris avalanche or volcanic landslide?
What is a negative effect of a debris avalanche or volcanic landslide?
How are typhoons described in terms of wind speed?
How are typhoons described in terms of wind speed?
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What triggers debris avalanches or volcanic landslides?
What triggers debris avalanches or volcanic landslides?
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How are tsunamis generated according to the text?
How are tsunamis generated according to the text?
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What should you do first if you are in a tsunami area?
What should you do first if you are in a tsunami area?
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Where should you go if there is a tsunami warning and you cannot move quickly inland to higher ground?
Where should you go if there is a tsunami warning and you cannot move quickly inland to higher ground?
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What should you do if you are at home and there is a tsunami warning?
What should you do if you are at home and there is a tsunami warning?
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Where should you NOT go if you are outside the tsunami hazard?
Where should you NOT go if you are outside the tsunami hazard?
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What should you do if you are in school and a tsunami warning has been issued?
What should you do if you are in school and a tsunami warning has been issued?
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What should you NOT do if you are in a boat at sea or in a harbor during a tsunami warning?
What should you NOT do if you are in a boat at sea or in a harbor during a tsunami warning?
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Which hazard associated with thunderstorms can lead to electrocution?
Which hazard associated with thunderstorms can lead to electrocution?
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What is the main cause of flooding in low-lying areas?
What is the main cause of flooding in low-lying areas?
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What is a common problem in densely populated areas prone to flooding?
What is a common problem in densely populated areas prone to flooding?
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Which disease is mentioned as a potential risk associated with flooding?
Which disease is mentioned as a potential risk associated with flooding?
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Where do flash floods usually take place?
Where do flash floods usually take place?
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What can induce flash floods besides extensive rainfall?
What can induce flash floods besides extensive rainfall?
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What is the main difference between pyroclastic flows and lava flows?
What is the main difference between pyroclastic flows and lava flows?
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What characterizes the movement of pyroclastic flows?
What characterizes the movement of pyroclastic flows?
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Why do lava flows rarely pose a threat to human life?
Why do lava flows rarely pose a threat to human life?
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What provides the driving force for most volcanic eruptions?
What provides the driving force for most volcanic eruptions?
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Which negative effect is specifically caused by volcanic gases?
Which negative effect is specifically caused by volcanic gases?
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How do pyroclastic flows differ from lava flows in terms of their impact?
How do pyroclastic flows differ from lava flows in terms of their impact?
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What is the primary driver of the swirling movement in the trade winds?
What is the primary driver of the swirling movement in the trade winds?
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At what wind speed does a tropical storm become classified as a severe tropical storm?
At what wind speed does a tropical storm become classified as a severe tropical storm?
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What natural process can make the air unstable and lead to the formation of thunderstorms?
What natural process can make the air unstable and lead to the formation of thunderstorms?
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What distinguishes a thunderstorm from a typhoon?
What distinguishes a thunderstorm from a typhoon?
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Why do thunderstorms occur according to the text?
Why do thunderstorms occur according to the text?
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What is classified as a super typhoon based on wind speed?
What is classified as a super typhoon based on wind speed?
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Study Notes
Sulfur Dioxide and Human Health
- Sulfur dioxide can cause respiratory issues, leading to throat irritation and difficulty breathing.
Sulfur Oxide Reaction with Water
- Sulfur oxide reacts with water in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid, contributing to acid rain.
Debris Avalanche and Volcanic Landslide Effects
- Debris avalanches and volcanic landslides can cause significant destruction, burying structures and altering landscapes.
Typhoon Wind Speed Classification
- Typhoons are categorized as storms with wind speeds exceeding 74 miles per hour (119 kilometers per hour).
Triggers of Debris Avalanches and Landslides
- Factors such as heavy rainfall, earthquakes, and volcanic activity can trigger debris avalanches and volcanic landslides.
Tsunami Generation
- Tsunamis are typically generated by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides.
Immediate Response in a Tsunami Area
- The first action should be to evacuate to higher ground quickly if in a tsunami-prone area.
Alternative Shelter During a Tsunami Warning
- If unable to move quickly inland, seek refuge in a sturdy building that is away from the coast.
Home Safety During a Tsunami Warning
- Remain indoors, move to higher floors if possible, and stay away from windows.
Safe Locations Outside the Tsunami Hazard
- Do not seek shelter in low-lying coastal areas or near the shore during a tsunami warning.
School Protocol During a Tsunami Warning
- Follow the school’s emergency plan and evacuate to designated safe areas if a tsunami warning is issued.
Boat Safety During a Tsunami Warning
- Avoid staying in a boat at sea or in a harbor, as they are vulnerable to large waves and currents.
Thunderstorm Hazards
- Lightning poses a significant risk associated with thunderstorms, leading to electrocution.
Primary Causes of Flooding
- Heavy rainfall is the main cause of flooding in low-lying areas, exacerbated by poor drainage.
Urban Flooding Challenges
- Densely populated areas often face severe flooding issues due to inadequate infrastructure and drainage systems.
Flooding-Related Disease Risks
- Waterborne diseases, such as cholera, are potential health risks following flooding events.
Flash Flood Locations
- Flash floods commonly occur in steep, mountainous regions, where intense rainfall quickly accumulates.
Flash Flood Triggers
- Besides extensive rainfall, rapid snowmelt and dam failures can induce flash floods.
Pyroclastic Flows vs. Lava Flows
- Pyroclastic flows are fast-moving, high-density mixtures of volcanic gas and debris, unlike slow-moving lava flows.
Pyroclastic Flow Movement
- Characterized by their swift movement and ability to travel down slopes at high speeds, pyroclastic flows pose significant danger.
Lava Flow Threat Levels
- Lava flows typically advance slowly, allowing people time to evacuate, resulting in lower threats to human life.
Driving Force of Volcanic Eruptions
- Gas pressure buildup within magma provides the driving force behind most volcanic eruptions.
Specific Impact of Volcanic Gases
- Volcanic gases can lead to respiratory hazards and environmental damage, contributing to air quality issues.
Pyroclastic Flows vs. Lava Flows Impact
- Pyroclastic flows are far more destructive compared to lava flows due to their speed and temperature, overwhelming obstacles.
Trade Winds Swirling Movement Driver
- The primary driver of the swirling motion in trade winds is the Coriolis effect, caused by Earth's rotation.
Severe Tropical Storm Classification
- A tropical storm becomes classified as severe when wind speeds reach 39-73 miles per hour (63-118 kilometers per hour).
Thunderstorm Development Causes
- Natural processes such as atmospheric instability caused by heating of the earth's surface can lead to thunderstorms.
Thunderstorm vs. Typhoon Distinction
- Thunderstorms are localized weather events, while typhoons are large scale systems with sustained high winds.
Causes of Thunderstorms
- Thunderstorms can occur due to warm, moist air rising and cool air descending, creating instability in the atmosphere.
Super Typhoon Wind Speed Classification
- A super typhoon is classified as a storm with sustained winds of 150 miles per hour (241 kilometers per hour) or greater.
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Description
Learn about the key safety measures to take during a tsunami, including protecting yourself from an earthquake, finding a safe location, and following official warnings. Understand the importance of moving to higher ground and staying informed about evacuation procedures.
