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Medicinal Plants Lecture 8, 2024/2025

• The lecture covers plant anatomy, dusting powders, taxonomy, physiology, and introduction to pharmacognosy.
• Plant anatomy includes parts like the axillary bud, terminal bud, flower, petiole, vegetative branch, node, vascular tissue, and taproot.
• Dusting powders are covered in lecture 8.
• Taxonomy is the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms based on similarities.
• Scientific names are necessary because common names vary by region.
• Latin is the language used for scientific plant classification.
• The scientific binomial system uses the genus name (capitalized) followed by the species name (lowercase).
• Both genus and species names are italicized.
• Examples of plant families include: Asteraceae (Sunflower Family), Apiaceae (Carrot Family), Brassicaceae (Mustard Family), Lamiaceae (Mint Family), Poaceae (Rice Family), Fabaceae (Bean Family).
• The surname of the person who first named the plant is indicated as the author.
• Examples of plant classification: Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) & its synonyms.
• Examples of plant genera-species: Digitalis purpurea & Digitalis lanata.
• Mentha piperita is an example of Mentha.
• Lecture includes discussion about Piper nigrum, Olea europeae, Quillaia saponaria.
• Types of classifications of organisms are discussed: two kingdoms (Linnaeus, 1758) and five kingdoms (Whittaker, 1920-1980) classification of organisms.
• The old classification system was based on two kingdoms, while the new classification system is based on five kingdoms.
• Plant kingdom classification is discussed, including Thallophyta, Embryophyta, Spermatophyta and Bryophyta.
• The differences between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms are described.
• Gymnosperms have exposed ovules and seeds, while angiosperms have enclosed ovules and seeds in fruits.
• The characteristics of Monocots and Dicots are discussed, with examples like Maize (monocot) and Mint (dicot).
• Examples of monocot families are Gramineae (Poaceae), Zingiberaceae, and Liliaceae.
• Examples of dicot families include Umbelliferae (Apiaceae), Solanaceae, Compositae(Asteraceae), Leguminosae (Fabaceae), and Lamiaceae.
• Further examples of plants, their families and uses in food and medicine are given (like Anise, Fennel, Carrot, Dill, Parsley, etc. from the Umbelliferae family, and examples from the Solanaceae, Compositae, and Lamiaceae families).
• Plant anatomy and classifications questions are included to assess understanding of concepts