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Questions and Answers
What is the primary action of the medial pterygoid muscle?
What is the primary action of the medial pterygoid muscle?
Which nerve is responsible for supplying the masseter muscle?
Which nerve is responsible for supplying the masseter muscle?
What type of nerve is the long buccal nerve?
What type of nerve is the long buccal nerve?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for mouth opening?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for mouth opening?
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What additional innervation does the auriculotemporal nerve provide aside from sensory?
What additional innervation does the auriculotemporal nerve provide aside from sensory?
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What is the main function of the temporalis muscle?
What is the main function of the temporalis muscle?
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Where does the lingual nerve typically emerge from?
Where does the lingual nerve typically emerge from?
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Which of the following structures does the tensor veli palatini muscle receive innervation from?
Which of the following structures does the tensor veli palatini muscle receive innervation from?
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What is the role of the auriculotemporal nerve in relation to the parotid gland?
What is the role of the auriculotemporal nerve in relation to the parotid gland?
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Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the cheek?
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the cheek?
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What is the primary function of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?
What is the primary function of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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Which anatomical structure does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve primarily exit through?
Which anatomical structure does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve primarily exit through?
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Which of the following muscles is NOT innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?
Which of the following muscles is NOT innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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Which area does the lingual nerve, a branch of V3, primarily supply?
Which area does the lingual nerve, a branch of V3, primarily supply?
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What is the largest branch of the trigeminal nerve?
What is the largest branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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Which of the following nerves is branched from the posterior trunk of the mandibular branch?
Which of the following nerves is branched from the posterior trunk of the mandibular branch?
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The motor fibers of the mandibular branch innervate which structure?
The motor fibers of the mandibular branch innervate which structure?
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What type of nerve fibers does the mandibular branch carry?
What type of nerve fibers does the mandibular branch carry?
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What anatomical space does the pterygomandibular space lie in relation to the inferior alveolar nerve?
What anatomical space does the pterygomandibular space lie in relation to the inferior alveolar nerve?
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Which of the following regions is NOT supplied by the mandibular branch?
Which of the following regions is NOT supplied by the mandibular branch?
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Which part of the tongue does the lingual nerve supply?
Which part of the tongue does the lingual nerve supply?
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The deep temporal nerves branch off from which part of the mandibular branch?
The deep temporal nerves branch off from which part of the mandibular branch?
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Which structure does the mental nerve NOT innervate?
Which structure does the mental nerve NOT innervate?
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What is the primary action of the mylohyoid nerve?
What is the primary action of the mylohyoid nerve?
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What does the inferior alveolar nerve primarily supply?
What does the inferior alveolar nerve primarily supply?
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Which cranial nerve is the trigeminal nerve considered?
Which cranial nerve is the trigeminal nerve considered?
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Which nerve emerges at the mental foramen?
Which nerve emerges at the mental foramen?
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Which branch of the inferior alveolar nerve does NOT provide motor innervation?
Which branch of the inferior alveolar nerve does NOT provide motor innervation?
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What type of nerve fibers are carried by the inferior alveolar nerve?
What type of nerve fibers are carried by the inferior alveolar nerve?
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What is the main function of the trigeminal nerve's mandibular branch?
What is the main function of the trigeminal nerve's mandibular branch?
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Study Notes
Trigeminal Nerve - Mandibular Branch (V3)
- The trigeminal nerve is the largest of the 5 cranial nerves.
- Knowledge about this nerve is important for dental professionals.
- The trigeminal nerve has 3 divisions: ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3).
- The mandibular branch (V3) is the largest division.
- It exits the skull at the foramen ovale.
- This branch has both sensory and motor fibers.
Learning Outcomes
- Describe the function of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3).
- Outline the anatomical regions supplied by the mandibular branch (V3).
- Explain the relevance of the mandibular branch (V3) to dentistry.
What is Supplied?
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Sensory:
- Mandibular teeth and their supporting structures
- Mucosa of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and floor of the mouth
- Skin of the lower face
- Parts of the temporal region and outer ear
-
Motor:
- Muscles of mastication
- Mylohyoid
- Anterior belly of digastric
- Tensor veli palatini
- Tensor tympani
Anatomical Course
- Shortly after exiting the skull, the nerve divides into a smaller anterior trunk and a larger posterior trunk.
- The nerve has branches before division:
- Meningeal branch
- Nerve to medial pterygoid muscle
Branches of V3
-
Anterior Trunk Branches:
- Masseteric nerve
- Deep temporal nerves
- Nerve to lateral pterygoid muscle
- Long buccal nerve
-
Posterior Trunk Branches:
- Auriculotemporal nerve
- Lingual nerve
- Inferior alveolar nerve
Muscles of Mastication
-
Medial Pterygoid Nerve (Motor):
- Enters the deep surface of the muscle.
- Supplies tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini.
- Elevates the jaw.
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Masseter:
- First branch of the anterior trunk.
- Crosses between coronoid process and the condyle of the mandible.
- Gives an articular branch to the TMJ.
- Elevates the mandible (mouth closing).
-
Temporalis
- Anterior and deep temporal nerves
- Elevates the mandible (mouth closing).
-
Lateral Pterygoid
- Nerve to lateral pterygoid may run part way with long buccal nerve
- Depresses mandible (mouth opening).
Long Buccal Nerve
- The only sensory branch of the anterior trunk.
- Emerges between the heads of the lateral pterygoid and runs on the lateral surface of the buccinator muscle.
- Close to the retromolar fossa of the mandible
- Gives branches to the skin of the cheek.
- Pierces the buccinator to supply the buccal sulcus and buccal gingivae of mandibular molars and premolars.
Auriculotemporal Nerve (A)
- First branch of the posterior trunk.
- Sensory.
- Autonomic to the parotid gland due to fibers from the otic ganglion.
- Two roots unite and run backwards beneath the lateral pterygoid muscle.
- Between the condyle and sphenomandibular ligament.
- Emerges between the TMJ and the external auditory meatus.
- Finally ascends on the side of the head.
Lingual Nerve
- Second branch of the posterior trunk.
- Sensory.
- Unites with the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve and receives parasympathetic fibers for the submandibular and sublingual glands.
- Emerges from under the lateral pterygoid muscle and curves downwards & forwards between the ramus of the mandible and medial pterygoid muscle.
- Lies anterior to but deeper than the inferior alveolar nerve.
- Passes towards the floor of the mouth.
- Twists around the submandibular duct and enters the tongue behind the sublingual salivary gland.
- Supplies:
- Mucosa covering the anterior two-thirds of the tongue's dorsum
- Under surface of the tongue
- Floor of the mouth
- Lingual gingivae of mandibular teeth
Inferior Alveolar (Dental) Nerve
-
Sensory and motor.
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Descends deep to the lateral pterygoid muscle behind the lingual nerve.
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Enters the mandibular foramen.
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Travels in the inferior dental or mandibular canal in the mandible.
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Divides near the premolars into the mental nerve and incisive nerve.
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Mental nerve emerges at the mental foramen..
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Incisive nerve runs anteriorly in the incisive canal.
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Branches of Inferior Alveolar Nerve:
- Mylohyoid nerve (B)
- Given off just before the mandibular foramen.
- Runs in the mylohyoid groove.
- Supplies mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly of digastric (motor).
- Depresses the mandible (on a fixed hyoid) or elevates the hyoid in swallowing.
- Inferior Alveolar nerve:
- Supplies mandibular molars and premolars and their supporting structures (e.g., gingivae).
- Mental nerve:
- Supplies skin of the chin, lower lip and labial gingivae of anterior mandibular teeth.
- Incisive nerve:
- Innervates mandibular incisors and canines.
- Mylohyoid nerve (B)
Nerve Blocks
- ID Nerve Block
- Mental Nerve Block
Summary
- Trigeminal nerve is the largest of the 5 cranial nerves.
- Has 3 divisions (ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular).
- Mandibular nerve exits via foramen ovale.
- Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve supplies mandibular teeth, supporting structures, mucosa of anterior 2/3 of tongue, floor of mouth and muscles of mastication.
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy and functions of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3). Learn about its sensory and motor supply, as well as its significance in dentistry. It’s essential for dental professionals to understand this crucial nerve for effective patient care.
