Questions and Answers
Trichotillomania is classified separately from obsessive-compulsive disorder in DSM-5.
False
Body dysmorphic disorder is included in the group of disorders related to OCD due to shared characteristics.
True
Hoarding disorder is not considered a compulsive disorder according to DSM-5.
False
All disorders related to OCD are characterized by the absence of compulsive behaviors.
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The DSM-5 categorizes conditions related to OCD based solely on their diagnostic labels rather than their clinical features.
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Trichotillomania is classified under impulse control disorders in both DSM-5 and ICD-10.
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The prevalence of trichotillomania among college students is reported to be around 1-2%.
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Cognitive behavior therapy shows greater effectiveness in treating trichotillomania than clomipramine.
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Fluoxetine has been found to be a reliably beneficial treatment for trichotillomania.
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Trichotillomania can potentially be comorbid with mood and anxiety disorders.
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First-degree relatives of patients with OCD show lower rates of grooming disorders.
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Hoarding disorder is recognized as a symptom of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in DSM-5.
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The most commonly hoarded items include food and electronics.
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Hoarding behavior is typically associated with high levels of distress at the thought of reducing clutter.
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Diogenes syndrome is linked to self-neglect and not associated with dementia.
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The lifetime prevalence of pathological hoarding is estimated to be around 5% to 10%.
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Cognitive behavioral therapy has not shown to be beneficial for hoarding disorder.
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Hoarding behavior typically interferes with the individual's daily life.
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Pathological hoarding is believed to have no genetic component.
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Hoarding can occur in younger individuals, but it mostly arises in middle-aged or elderly persons.
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Thoughts about hoarding are always experienced as intrusive and repetitive.
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Study Notes
Trichotillomania Diagnosis
- Characterized by repetitive hair pulling despite attempts to stop, leading to significant distress or social/occupational impairment.
- Must be distinguished from other medical conditions or mental disorders as per DSM-5 criteria.
- ICD-10 categorizes it under impulse control disorders, noting tension before pulling and relief afterward.
Trichotillomania Epidemiology
- Prevalence estimated at approximately 1-2% among college students reporting problematic hair pulling.
- Family studies indicate higher rates of obsessive-compulsive behaviors and grooming disorders in first-degree relatives, suggesting a shared genetic predisposition with OCD.
Trichotillomania Management
- Psychological therapies, especially behavioral treatments like habit reversal, have shown validation; cognitive behavior therapy surpasses clomipramine and placebo.
- Behavioral therapy is not clearly superior when compared to some psychological control procedures.
- Clomipramine and N-acetylcysteine demonstrate positive responses, while fluoxetine is not consistently beneficial.
Hoarding Disorder Clinical Features
- Recognized as distinct in DSM-5, diverging from its historical association with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
- Persistent inability to discard possessions, creating clutter that obstructs living spaces.
- Commonly hoarded items include newspapers, clothing, and paperwork; some hoard animals in unsafe conditions.
- Associated phenomena include Diogenes syndrome in older individuals, linked to severe self-neglect and potential dementia.
Hoarding Disorder Diagnosis
- Diagnosis hinges on a longstanding difficulty parting with worthless items and significant distress at discarding them.
- Results in excessive clutter impacting hygiene and safety of living environments.
- Simultaneous diagnoses of hoarding disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality are documented where applicable.
Hoarding Disorder Epidemiology
- Estimates of pathological hoarding show a lifetime prevalence of roughly 2-4%, with familial and genetic factors playing a role.
- Research indicates that hoarding becomes more prevalent with age, inversely correlates with income levels, and is more common in men than women.
- Alcohol dependence shows a correlation with hoarding, unlike OCD.
Hoarding Disorder Management
- Patients often perceive their hoarding as non-problematic, complicating management efforts.
- Cognitive behavior therapy tailored for hoarding has shown efficacy compared to waitlist controls.
- Pharmacotherapy, including SSRIs and venlafaxine, appears beneficial, although most studies are open-label and require further validation.
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Description
This quiz explores the diagnosis, epidemiology, and management of trichotillomania, a psychological disorder characterized by the compulsive urge to pull out hair. It covers the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosis, the prevalence among college students, and the effectiveness of various treatment approaches. Test your knowledge on this often-misunderstood condition.
