Trichinella spiralis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of cutaneous larva migrans (CLM)?

  • Human hookworm infection
  • Fungal skin infection
  • Migration of non-human nematode larvae (correct)
  • Skin infection from bacteria

Facial edema, fever, and myositis are suggestive of Trichinella spiralis infection.

True (A)

What is the drug of choice (DOC) for treating Trichinella spiralis infection?

Mebendazole

Cutaneous larva migrans typically progresses in a _____ or serpiginous way.

<p>curved</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the symptoms to the respective conditions:

<p>Urticaria = Systemic allergic manifestations Intense pruritis = Cutaneous larva migrans Facial edema = Trichinella spiralis Sterile abscess = Dead or ruptured worm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a method for diagnosing Trichinella spiralis?

<p>Muscle biopsy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The larvae of cutaneous larva migrans can penetrate the dermis in humans.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The commonest sites affected by cutaneous larva migrans are the _____, feet, back, or buttocks.

<p>hands</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the infective stage of Trichinella spiralis?

<p>Trichinella capsule in flesh of pigs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dracunculus medinensis is commonly known as the Guinea worm.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue does Trichinella spiralis primarily invade?

<p>Striated muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary host for Dracunculus medinensis is the ______.

<p>man</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following stages of Trichinella spiralis with their correct descriptions:

<p>Infective stage = Trichinella capsule in pigs' flesh Diagnostic stage = Presence of Trichinella capsule Intestinal phase = Nausea and gastroenteritis Convalescent stage = Symptoms subside after 3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of infection for Dracunculus medinensis?

<p>Consumption of infected water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Symptoms of Trichinella spiralis infection include acute food poisoning-like symptoms.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the burning sensation in Dracunculus medinensis infection?

<p>The female worm migrating and forming a blister</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common treatment for Dracunculus medinensis?

<p>Wet compresses and occlusive bandages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eosinophilia is present in the blood picture when diagnosing Cutaneous larva migrans.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method for preventing Dracunculus medinensis infection?

<p>Eradication of Cyclops in water sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

The destruction of rats and proper breeding of pigs are part of the prevention for ________.

<p>Thiabendazole's indications</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the statement about CLM with the correct explanation:

<p>Diagnosis is based on clinical features = No eosinophilia present Self-limiting lesion = Larvae die after 5-6 weeks Preventive measures = Avoid contact with contaminated soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging technique is utilized to identify calcified cysts in parasitic infections?

<p>X-ray (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common treatment used to reduce inflammation around the worm in Dracunculus medinensis infections?

<p>Metronidazole and mebendazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

Boiling and filtration of well water are recommended methods for the prevention of Dracunculus medinensis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Systemic allergic manifestations

Allergic reactions to parasitic infections can cause low-grade fever and skin rashes (urticaria).

Secondary infection of ulcer

Ulcers caused by parasitic infections can become infected with bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, leading to complications like cellulitis or tetanus.

Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM)

A skin infection caused by the migration of hookworm larvae from dogs or cats under the skin.

Mode of infection in CLM

CLM is acquired through contact with contaminated soil containing dog or cat feces, where the hookworm larvae penetrate the skin.

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Pathogenesis of CLM

Hookworm larvae in humans migrate through the epidermis, causing intense itching and raised, red tracks in the skin due to the immune response.

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Trichinella spiralis

A parasitic roundworm that infects humans through eating undercooked pork.

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Diagnosis of Trichinella spiralis

Diagnosis of trichinellosis involves identifying larvae in muscle biopsies or using serological tests detecting specific antibodies.

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Prevention and control of Trichinella spiralis

Proper cooking of pork meat to an internal temperature of at least 145 °F (63 °C) eliminates the parasite.

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Eosinophilia in blood

An increased number of eosinophils in the blood, often associated with parasitic infections and allergic reactions.

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Thiabendazole

A medication used to treat infections caused by certain parasitic worms, including roundworms.

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Dracunculus medinensis

A parasitic roundworm that causes dracunculiasis, commonly known as 'Guinea worm' disease.

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Guinea worm removal

The process of carefully extracting a Guinea worm from the body, usually by winding it around a stick.

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CLM self-limiting

The infection usually resolves on its own within 5-6 weeks as the migrating larvae die off.

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X-rays for parasitic infections

X-rays can be used to detect calcified cysts or worms in the body, often associated with certain parasitic infections.

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Blood picture for eosinophilia

Examination of blood cells under a microscope to detect an increased number of eosinophils, indicating a possible parasitic infection or allergic reaction.

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Trichinella spiralis morphology

A small, thread-like nematode that reproduces via larvae (larviparous).

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Trichinella spiralis life cycle

Larvae are ingested, develop into adults in the small intestine, larvae migrate to muscles, and encyst in muscle tissue.

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Trichinella spiralis infective stage

Encapsulated larvae found in the flesh of pigs.

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Trichinella spiralis mode of infection

Eating undercooked pork meat containing the Trichinella capsule.

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Trichinella spiralis intestinal phase

Initial symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever resemble food poisoning.

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Trichinella spiralis migration phase

Larvae migrate to muscles causing muscle pain (myalgia), swelling around the eyes (orbital edema), and fever.

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Dracunculus medinensis name

Commonly known as the Guinea worm or Medina worm.

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Dracunculus medinensis life cycle

Larvae develop in Cyclops, humans ingest Cyclops, larvae migrate to subcutaneous tissue, female worm emerges and releases larvae in water.

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Study Notes

Trichinella spiralis

  • Causative agent: Trichinella spiralis
  • Disease: Trichinosis (larval infection) or trichiniasis (adult infection)
  • Morphology: Small, thread-like; females are larviparous
  • Life cycle: Ingestion of larvae → adults in small intestine → fertilization → larvae in circulation → muscle tissue (encysted larvae)
  • Definitive host (DH): Humans
  • Intermediate host (IH): Pigs and rodents (cannibalism)
  • Habitat: Small intestine, then muscle tissue
  • Diagnostic stage: Trichinella capsule
  • Infective stage: Trichinella capsule in flesh of pigs
  • Mode of infection: Eating undercooked pork containing Trichinella capsule
  • Pathogenesis (intestinal phase): Irritation → gastroenteritis (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, colic, fever)
  • Pathogenesis (migration/muscle invasion phase): Allergic reaction & myositis of striated muscles (orbital edema, myalgia, weakness, fever, anorexia, headache, splinter hemorrhage); encystation of larvae
  • Pathogenesis (convalescent stage): Symptoms subside; potential for myocarditis, HF, pneumonia, encephalitis, (rarely fatal)

Dracunculus medinensis

  • Causative agent: Dracunculus medinensis (Medina worm or Guinea worm)
  • Disease: Dracunculiasis
  • Life cycle: Larvae → adults → female migrate to subcutaneous tissue → blister forms → rupture in water → release larvae; cyclodevelopmental transmission
  • DH: Humans
  • IH: Cyclops
  • Habitat: Subcutaneous tissue
  • Diagnostic stage: Larvae present in blister
  • Infective stage: Larvae in Cyclops
  • Mode of infection: Drinking water with infected Cyclops containing infective larvae
  • Pathogenesis: Papule → blister, burning sensation, redness, induration; systemic allergy (low grade fever, urticaria), secondary infection (cellulitis, tetanus); ulcers; arthritis; (rarely) ectopic lesions (lung, pericardium, spinal cord)

Cutaneous Larva Migrans (CLM)

  • Causative agent: Filariform larvae of dog and cat hookworms (Ancylostoma braziliense or Ancylostoma caninum)
  • Disease: Creeping Eruption (CLM)
  • Mode of infection: Skin contact with soil contaminated with cat or dog feces containing infective larvae
  • Pathogenesis: Intense pruritis, raised erythematous track; slow migration (< 2 cm/day) in epidermis; secondary bacterial infection; common sites: hands, feet, back, buttocks
  • Note: Larvae cannot penetrate basement membrane, migrates in epidermis only, dies without invading dermis.

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Description

Test your knowledge about Trichinella spiralis and its role in causing trichinosis. This quiz covers its life cycle, morphology, diagnostic stages, and the pathogenesis involved in the infection process. Challenge yourself and learn about this fascinating parasitic organism!

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