Tribal Rebellions in Pre-1857 India
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Questions and Answers

What was the original leadership of the Santhal revolt before it was taken over by Kanoo?

  • Charles Maseyk
  • Sido (correct)
  • Birsa Munda
  • A group of peasants

    • Which group of individuals was prominently involved in the Santhal insurrection alongside the men?

  • Women (correct)
  • Zamindars
  • Local merchants
  • British soldiers

    • What was the fate of Birsa Munda during the rebellion he led?

  • He managed to negotiate peace with the British.
  • He fled to the neighboring state.
  • He became a martyr after his arrest. (correct)
  • He successfully established Munda rule.

    • What was the primary goal of Birsa Munda during the Munda Rebellion?

    <p>To reinstate Munda common land ownership.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant action did the Santhal rebels take against Charles Maseyk's indigo factory?

    <p>They raided and pillaged it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did British historians characterize the 1857 rebellion?

    <p>As a minor military mutiny.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prompted the revolt of the Munda tribesmen under Birsa Munda?

    <p>Land loss to jagirdars and thikadars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What notable action did the Santhal rebels take in Monkaparrah during the initial rising?

    <p>They attacked and burned the village.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the immediate cause of the Kol Uprising?

    <p>The Raja of Chotanagpur leasing villages to non-tribals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the methods used by the Kols in their rebellion?

    <p>They primarily focused on plunder and arson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the fate of Buddha Bhagat, the leader of the Kol insurrection?

    <p>He was killed in battle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivated the Santhal people to rebel in the Santhal Hool?

    <p>Loss of their land to non-Santhal zamindars and moneylenders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area was referred to as Damin-i-koh by the Santhal?

    <p>The forest regions around Rajmahal Hills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the oppression from local officials contribute to the Santhal rebellion?

    <p>By illegal land acquisitions and hostility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one consequence of the Kols' complete possession of Chotanagpur during their uprising?

    <p>A war declared against the British Company government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event marked the end of the Kol Uprising?

    <p>The surrender of Bhindrai Manki</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence threatened by Governor Edward Clive if Kattabomman refused to surrender?

    <p>Dire consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was appointed collector after the dismissal of Jackson?

    <p>S.R. Lushington</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which palayakkars were involved in organizing a Confederacy against the British?

    <p>Marudu Pandiyan and Yadul Nayak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where was Kattabomman when he pursued a bold attempt to strengthen his position?

    <p>Panchalamkurichi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the strategic advantage of the fort of Sivagiri?

    <p>It had formidable barriers surrounding it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event was ordered by Lord Wellesley in response to Kattabomman's actions?

    <p>Advance of forces from multiple locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which location did Kattabomman hold deliberations with Marudu?

    <p>Palayanur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which palayakkar asserted their rights to collect taxes from certain villages in the Company's territory?

    <p>Nagalapuram and Mannarkottai</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for the people's revolt prior to the sepoys' mutiny?

    <p>Annexation and reform policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Colonel Mallesan describe the transformation of the mutiny?

    <p>It quickly became a national insurrection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key event is said to have ignited the rebellion?

    <p>The greased cartridge affair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    V.D. Savarkar characterized the events of the rebellion as akin to which historical event?

    <p>The American War of Independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one notable consequence of the Inam Commission established in 1852?

    <p>Confiscation of over 21,000 estates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the land revenue system imposed by the British?

    <p>It was considered a rent rather than a tax.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which policy by Dalhousie contributed significantly to dissatisfaction among the talukdars?

    <p>The Doctrine of Lapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one reason identified for the economic hardship faced by many in Oudh?

    <p>Loss of royal patronage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome for Chinnamalai in the final battle of 1805?

    <p>He was betrayed and hanged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily motivated the Vellore Revolt in 1806?

    <p>Attempts to restore dethroned kings and chieftains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specific change imposed by the British upset the Indian soldiers the most?

    <p>Prohibition of caste markings and wearing of moustaches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the design flaw in the new turban introduced for the sepoys?

    <p>It featured a leather cockade made from animal skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did the sepoys of the 2nd battalion of the 4th regiment at Vellore take in May 1806?

    <p>They refused to wear the new turban.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the composition of the garrison at Vellore during the revolt?

    <p>Included many loyalists of Mysore sultans and aggrieved locals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the cultural practices of the sepoys impact their reactions to British orders?

    <p>They were angered when customs and traditions were disregarded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the relationship between the Vellore Revolt and the earlier revolt of the Marudu brothers?

    <p>The Vellore Revolt was a retaliation against the outcome of the earlier revolt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Tribal Rebellions in Pre-1857 India

    • Tribals resisted British rule due to threats to autonomy and resource control.
    • Numerous insurrections occurred throughout the 19th century marked by bravery and severe suppression.

    Kol Uprising (1831-32)

    • Kols, indigenous to Chotanagpur and Singbhum in Bihar and Orissa, revolted against leasing of villages to non-tribals.
    • Initial actions involved attacks on tax collectors but spared lives of outsiders.
    • Major raid on Sonepur pargana by 700 insurgents occurred on December 20, 1831.
    • Kols seized full control of Chotanagpur by January 26, 1832.
    • Buddha Bhagat, a leader of the uprising, was killed, leading to the distribution of rewards for his capture.
    • Bhindrai Manki, another leader, surrendered on March 19, 1832, marking the end of the rebellion.

    Santhal Hool Rebellion (1855-56)

    • Santhals (Manjis) lived in forest regions of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa; faced severe oppression from zamindars and police.
    • In July 1855, thousands of Santhals, armed with bows and arrows, initiated a rebellion against zamindars and the government.
    • Led initially by Sido and then Kanoo after Sido's arrest, with significant involvement from women.
    • The rebellion resulted in violent attacks on properties like Charles Maseyk’s indigo factory.
    • Brutal countermeasures followed, with estimates of 15,000 to 20,000 rebels killed.

    Munda Rebellion (1899-1900)

    • Led by Birsa Munda, this revolt aimed to reclaim tribal land lost to jagirdars and moneylenders.
    • Birsa claimed to be a divine messenger, encouraging Mundas to refuse payments to zamindars.
    • The rebellion emerged in the Chotanagpur region with strong resistance against British forces.
    • Birsa became a martyr after his death in Ranchi jail on June 9, 1900, inspiring future generations.

    Great Rebellion of 1857

    • The rebellion sparked debate on whether it was a mere mutiny among soldiers or a national uprising.
    • Triggered by widespread grievances from various societal sectors including princes and common people.
    • British annexation policies and treatment of local rulers incited dissatisfaction, particularly with the Doctrine of Lapse.
    • The greased cartridge controversy intensified existing discontent.

    Causes of the Rebellion

    • Territorial Aggrandisement: Annexation of Oudh and Jhansi affected talukdars and local livelihoods; 21,000 estates confiscated in land settlements.
    • Oppressive Land Revenue System: New British revenue policies burdened farmers; revenue collected irrespective of land cultivation status.

    Vellore Revolt (1806)

    • Resulted from efforts of descendants of dethroned kings in South India to resist British rule.
    • Vellore Fort became a focal point of rebellion with discontented sepoys and local community.

    Immediate Causes of Vellore Revolt

    • British forced changes in sepoy uniforms and martial practices that conflicted with Indian customs, especially around caste identifications and leather use in turban designs.
    • Initial resistance occurred in May 1806 when sepoys refused to don the new uniforms, signaling the outbreak of the revolt.

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    Description

    Explore the significant tribal uprisings in India prior to 1857, which were driven by the desire to maintain autonomy against British rule. This quiz delves into events like the Kol Uprising and the broader impacts of colonialism on tribal societies. Test your knowledge about the bravery of these communities and their struggles for local resources.

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