Questions and Answers
What was the original leadership of the Santhal revolt before it was taken over by Kanoo?
Which group of individuals was prominently involved in the Santhal insurrection alongside the men?
What was the fate of Birsa Munda during the rebellion he led?
What was the primary goal of Birsa Munda during the Munda Rebellion?
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What significant action did the Santhal rebels take against Charles Maseyk's indigo factory?
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How did British historians characterize the 1857 rebellion?
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What prompted the revolt of the Munda tribesmen under Birsa Munda?
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What notable action did the Santhal rebels take in Monkaparrah during the initial rising?
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What was the immediate cause of the Kol Uprising?
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Which statement accurately reflects the methods used by the Kols in their rebellion?
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What was the fate of Buddha Bhagat, the leader of the Kol insurrection?
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What motivated the Santhal people to rebel in the Santhal Hool?
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Which area was referred to as Damin-i-koh by the Santhal?
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How did the oppression from local officials contribute to the Santhal rebellion?
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What was one consequence of the Kols' complete possession of Chotanagpur during their uprising?
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Which event marked the end of the Kol Uprising?
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What was the consequence threatened by Governor Edward Clive if Kattabomman refused to surrender?
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Who was appointed collector after the dismissal of Jackson?
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Which palayakkars were involved in organizing a Confederacy against the British?
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Where was Kattabomman when he pursued a bold attempt to strengthen his position?
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What was the strategic advantage of the fort of Sivagiri?
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Which event was ordered by Lord Wellesley in response to Kattabomman's actions?
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At which location did Kattabomman hold deliberations with Marudu?
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Which palayakkar asserted their rights to collect taxes from certain villages in the Company's territory?
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What was the primary reason for the people's revolt prior to the sepoys' mutiny?
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How did Colonel Mallesan describe the transformation of the mutiny?
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What key event is said to have ignited the rebellion?
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V.D. Savarkar characterized the events of the rebellion as akin to which historical event?
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What was one notable consequence of the Inam Commission established in 1852?
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What was the impact of the land revenue system imposed by the British?
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Which policy by Dalhousie contributed significantly to dissatisfaction among the talukdars?
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What was one reason identified for the economic hardship faced by many in Oudh?
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What was the outcome for Chinnamalai in the final battle of 1805?
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What primarily motivated the Vellore Revolt in 1806?
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Which specific change imposed by the British upset the Indian soldiers the most?
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What was the design flaw in the new turban introduced for the sepoys?
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What action did the sepoys of the 2nd battalion of the 4th regiment at Vellore take in May 1806?
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What was the composition of the garrison at Vellore during the revolt?
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How did the cultural practices of the sepoys impact their reactions to British orders?
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What was the relationship between the Vellore Revolt and the earlier revolt of the Marudu brothers?
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Study Notes
Tribal Rebellions in Pre-1857 India
- Tribals resisted British rule due to threats to autonomy and resource control.
- Numerous insurrections occurred throughout the 19th century marked by bravery and severe suppression.
Kol Uprising (1831-32)
- Kols, indigenous to Chotanagpur and Singbhum in Bihar and Orissa, revolted against leasing of villages to non-tribals.
- Initial actions involved attacks on tax collectors but spared lives of outsiders.
- Major raid on Sonepur pargana by 700 insurgents occurred on December 20, 1831.
- Kols seized full control of Chotanagpur by January 26, 1832.
- Buddha Bhagat, a leader of the uprising, was killed, leading to the distribution of rewards for his capture.
- Bhindrai Manki, another leader, surrendered on March 19, 1832, marking the end of the rebellion.
Santhal Hool Rebellion (1855-56)
- Santhals (Manjis) lived in forest regions of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa; faced severe oppression from zamindars and police.
- In July 1855, thousands of Santhals, armed with bows and arrows, initiated a rebellion against zamindars and the government.
- Led initially by Sido and then Kanoo after Sido's arrest, with significant involvement from women.
- The rebellion resulted in violent attacks on properties like Charles Maseyk’s indigo factory.
- Brutal countermeasures followed, with estimates of 15,000 to 20,000 rebels killed.
Munda Rebellion (1899-1900)
- Led by Birsa Munda, this revolt aimed to reclaim tribal land lost to jagirdars and moneylenders.
- Birsa claimed to be a divine messenger, encouraging Mundas to refuse payments to zamindars.
- The rebellion emerged in the Chotanagpur region with strong resistance against British forces.
- Birsa became a martyr after his death in Ranchi jail on June 9, 1900, inspiring future generations.
Great Rebellion of 1857
- The rebellion sparked debate on whether it was a mere mutiny among soldiers or a national uprising.
- Triggered by widespread grievances from various societal sectors including princes and common people.
- British annexation policies and treatment of local rulers incited dissatisfaction, particularly with the Doctrine of Lapse.
- The greased cartridge controversy intensified existing discontent.
Causes of the Rebellion
- Territorial Aggrandisement: Annexation of Oudh and Jhansi affected talukdars and local livelihoods; 21,000 estates confiscated in land settlements.
- Oppressive Land Revenue System: New British revenue policies burdened farmers; revenue collected irrespective of land cultivation status.
Vellore Revolt (1806)
- Resulted from efforts of descendants of dethroned kings in South India to resist British rule.
- Vellore Fort became a focal point of rebellion with discontented sepoys and local community.
Immediate Causes of Vellore Revolt
- British forced changes in sepoy uniforms and martial practices that conflicted with Indian customs, especially around caste identifications and leather use in turban designs.
- Initial resistance occurred in May 1806 when sepoys refused to don the new uniforms, signaling the outbreak of the revolt.
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Description
Explore the significant tribal uprisings in India prior to 1857, which were driven by the desire to maintain autonomy against British rule. This quiz delves into events like the Kol Uprising and the broader impacts of colonialism on tribal societies. Test your knowledge about the bravery of these communities and their struggles for local resources.
