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Questions and Answers
What is one of the main focuses of the 1033 program?
What is one of the main focuses of the 1033 program?
What principle suggests that police officers have a responsibility toward ethical behavior and accountability?
What principle suggests that police officers have a responsibility toward ethical behavior and accountability?
Which theory indicates that societal labels can influence individual behavior?
Which theory indicates that societal labels can influence individual behavior?
Which type of crime involves entering a property with the intent to commit theft?
Which type of crime involves entering a property with the intent to commit theft?
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Which theory relates to the conditions under which a motivated offender might commit a crime?
Which theory relates to the conditions under which a motivated offender might commit a crime?
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What is the practice called when police officers fail to report a colleague's misconduct?
What is the practice called when police officers fail to report a colleague's misconduct?
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Which of the following describes bribery?
Which of the following describes bribery?
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What aspect of police officer education has been shown to lead to fewer instances of force used?
What aspect of police officer education has been shown to lead to fewer instances of force used?
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What is the primary function of the booking process after an arrest?
What is the primary function of the booking process after an arrest?
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Which of the following courts are considered entry-level courts?
Which of the following courts are considered entry-level courts?
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What is the significance of the Arizona V. Gant ruling?
What is the significance of the Arizona V. Gant ruling?
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What is the burden of proof in a criminal trial compared to a civil trial?
What is the burden of proof in a criminal trial compared to a civil trial?
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What does the term 'reasonable doubt' refer to in legal proceedings?
What does the term 'reasonable doubt' refer to in legal proceedings?
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Which amendment protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government?
Which amendment protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government?
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In the trial process, what are plea options available to a defendant?
In the trial process, what are plea options available to a defendant?
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Which statement correctly describes how federal judges obtain their positions?
Which statement correctly describes how federal judges obtain their positions?
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What is required for a probable cause exemption to search a vehicle?
What is required for a probable cause exemption to search a vehicle?
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What does consent in a search context allow law enforcement to do?
What does consent in a search context allow law enforcement to do?
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What must happen for a search incident to arrest to be valid?
What must happen for a search incident to arrest to be valid?
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Under what condition can the government act on exigent circumstances?
Under what condition can the government act on exigent circumstances?
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What is the distinction between parole and probation?
What is the distinction between parole and probation?
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What does the exclusionary rule state?
What does the exclusionary rule state?
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What are the required warnings provided under the Miranda warning?
What are the required warnings provided under the Miranda warning?
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What does the Good Faith Exception allow in legal terms?
What does the Good Faith Exception allow in legal terms?
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Study Notes
Trial Processes
- Booking process: Includes fingerprints, search, DNA, photos, and data collection after arrest.
- Arraignment: Initial court appearance where charges are formally presented.
- Preliminary hearing: Determines if there's enough evidence for a trial.
- Grand jury: Decides if there's enough evidence to indict the accused.
- Plea options: Guilty, Not Guilty, Nolo contendere.
- Appeals process: Final appeal is in the Supreme Court.
- Middle appellate courts: Court of Appeals.
- Federal judges: Appointed by President, lifetime tenure.
- Arizona v. Gant: Police cannot search a car after arrest unless there's reason to believe evidence could be in the car.
- Terry v. Ohio: Pat down for weapons allowed if reasonable suspicion of danger.
- Mapp v. Ohio: Illegally seized evidence cannot be used in a state trial.
Legal Thresholds and Standards
- Thresholds: Showing tangible harm has occurred.
- Burden of proof: Prosecutor has much greater burden in criminal trials.
- Probable cause: Reasonable belief a crime has been committed or evidence exists.
- Preponderance of evidence: Evidence more likely than not to be true.
- Reasonable doubt: Insufficient evidence to convict.
- Fourth Amendment: Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.
Search and Seizure (SPICE)
- Search warrant: Requires probable cause to believe evidence exists in a specific place.
- Probable cause exception for vehicles: Probable cause that a vehicle contains evidence. Vehicle must be readily mobile.
- Incident to arrest: Search of immediate surroundings of an arrested person.
Procedural Protections
- Miranda rights: Right to remain silent, attorney, and that statements can be used against them.
- Fifth Amendment: Protection against self-incrimination.
- Sixth Amendment: Right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury.
- Exclusionary Rule: Illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible in court.
- Fruits of the poisonous tree: Evidence obtained from illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible.
- Good faith exception: Exception to exclusionary rule, officer acted in good faith believing a search was legal.
Additional Legal Concepts
- Parole: Early release from prison with conditions.
- Probation: Sentence in place of incarceration with conditions.
- Pat down (Terry frisk): Limited search for weapons if reasonable suspicion of danger.
- Criminal/Civil law: Differences in types of legal cases
- Crime theories: Labeling theory, Strain theory, Routine activities theory
- Homicide: Killing of one human by another
- Burglary: Entering a structure with intent to commit a crime.
- Robbery: Taking property from a person by force or threat.
- Classicalism(CesareBeccaria)/ Positivism(Lombroso): differing theories of criminal behavior.
Policing and Criminology
- Police training and education: Importance of college education for police officers.
- Criminology: Study of crime and criminal behavior.
- Code of silence: Norm among police to not report misconduct.
- Police corruption: misconduct, bribery and gratuities
- Autonomy: Self-governance and decision-making independence of police.
- Police accountability, scrutiny, and training: Importance of scrutiny and training for police.
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Description
This quiz covers essential trial processes including arraignment, preliminary hearings, and appeals. It also delves into significant legal standards and notable cases such as Arizona v. Gant and Mapp v. Ohio. Test your knowledge on the roles and responsibilities within the trial framework.
