Triage and Shock
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the three mechanisms of shock?

  • Failure of the cardiac pump
  • Maldistribution of vascular volume
  • Loss of intravascular volume
  • Increased sympathetic activity (correct)

    • What is the equation for cardiac output (CO)?

  • CO = HR - SV
  • CO = HR / SV
  • CO = SV x HR (correct)
  • CO = SV + HR

    • Which of the following is a sign of compensated shock?

  • Fall in blood pressure
  • Oliguria
  • Pale mucous membranes
  • Tachycardia with normal to prolonged CRT (correct)

    • What is the urinary output threshold for oliguria?

    <p>Less than 400ml per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is the first to fail in sepsis in almost all species?

    <p>GI tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species has the lungs as the shock organ in sepsis?

    <p>Cats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main shock organ in cattle with sepsis?

    <p>GI tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species rarely shows a hyperdynamic phase in sepsis?

    <p>Cats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sign of decompensated shock?

    <p>Depressed mentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following conditions is characterized by vasodilatation and can result in a shortened capillary refill time (CRT)?

    <p>Septic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following types of shock is caused by a decrease in circulating blood volume?

    <p>Hypovolaemic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following conditions is characterized by an increase in sympathetic tone and can cause capillary refill time (CRT) to be greater than 2 seconds?

    <p>Hypovolaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following conditions is characterized by decreased forward flow from the heart?

    <p>Cardiogenic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is the definition of triage?

    <p>The process of quickly examining patients to decide which ones are the most seriously ill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is the most common cause of shock?

    <p>Low or unevenly distributed blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is the normal color of mucous membranes in cats and horses?

    <p>Salmon pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is a sign of shock due to pooling of blood trapped within the capillary beds?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is the most correct definition of shock?

    <p>Low or unevenly distributed blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following types of shock is caused by a decrease in circulating blood volume?

    <p>Hypovolaemic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following conditions is characterized by deranged cellular metabolic machinery?

    <p>Metabolic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following conditions is characterized by decreased oxygen content in arterial blood?

    <p>Hypoxaemic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a sign of hypovolaemic shock in the haemodynamic phase?

    <p>Bounding peripheral pulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a sign of compensated shock?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following conditions is characterized by decreased cardiac output?

    <p>Cardiogenic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is the most correct definition of shock?

    <p>A decrease in blood volume leading to decreased tissue perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of shock?

    <p>Inadequate cellular energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs consistent with shock?

    <ol> <li>Mental state changes, 2. Changes in mucous membrane color, 3. Capillary refill time (CRT)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the descriptions used to indicate the mental state of an animal in shock?

    <p>Alert and normally responsive, depressed or obtunded, stuporous or semicomatose, comatose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal color of mucous membranes in cats and horses?

    <p>Salmon pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for capillary refill time (CRT)?

    <p>CRT = Pre-capillary sphincter tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three mechanisms of shock?

    <p>Hypovolaemic, cardiogenic, distributive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between compensated and decompensated shock?

    <p>Compensated shock is characterized by hyperdynamic or bounding pulses, while decompensated shock is characterized by weak thready pulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs of hypovolaemic shock in the haemodynamic phase?

    <p>Increased heart rates (170–220 bpm in dogs), short and narrow femoral pulse profile, absent metatarsal pulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main shock organ in cattle with sepsis?

    <p>The lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the urinary output threshold for oliguria?

    <p>Less than 0.5 mL/kg/hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three mechanisms of shock?

    <p>Loss of intravascular volume (hypovolaemic shock), Maldistribution of vascular volume (distributive and cryptic shock), Failure of the cardiac pump (cardiogenic shock)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the compensatory mechanisms in hypovolaemic shock?

    <p>Increased sympathetic activity, Vasoconstriction, Increased contractility, Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs of compensated shock in the haemodynamic phase?

    <p>Mild to moderate depression, Tachycardia with normal to prolonged capillary refill time (CRT), Cool extremities, Tachypnoea, Normal blood pressure, Normal pulse quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs of decompensated shock?

    <p>Pale mucous membranes, Poor peripheral pulse quality, Depressed mentation, Fall in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the urinary output threshold for oliguria?

    <p>Less than 400ml per day or less than 20ml per hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

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