Triacylglycerol Structure and Storage
40 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the yield from the complete oxidation of fatty acids to CO2 and H2O?

  • 12 kcal/g fat
  • 10 kcal/g fat
  • 7 kcal/g fat
  • 9 kcal/g fat (correct)

    • What is the first step in the mobilization of stored fat?

  • Hydrolytic release of fatty acids and glycerol from TAG (correct)
  • Phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase
  • Activation of protein kinase A
  • Release of fatty acids from TAG by lipases

    • What is the product of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) action?

  • Glycerol
  • Diacylglycerol
  • Triacylglycerol
  • Monoacylglycerol (correct)

    • What is required for hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) to be active?

    <p>Phosphorylation by protein kinase A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in the presence of high plasma levels of insulin?

    <p>It becomes dephosphorylated and inactivated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to glycerol released during TAG degradation in adipocytes?

    <p>It is transported to the liver for phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of perilipin phosphorylation by PKA?

    <p>To allow translocation and binding of HSL to the droplet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of adenylyl cyclase in the regulation of hormone-sensitive lipase?

    <p>To produce cAMP and activate PKA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glycerol 3-phosphate in TAG synthesis?

    <p>It is the initial acceptor of fatty acids during TAG synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is glycerol 3-phosphate primarily produced in the body?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of activating a free fatty acid?

    <p>To participate in metabolic processes such as TAG synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy reserve of the body?

    <p>TAGs stored in white adipocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of cells are TAGs primarily stored?

    <p>White adipocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the glucose transporter in adipocytes?

    <p>To synthesize TAGs de novo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to TAGs when they are stored in adipose tissue?

    <p>They coalesce to form large oily droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of fatty acyl CoA synthetases?

    <p>To activate fatty acids for TAG synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy yield from the oxidation of a molecule of palmitoyl CoA to CO2 and H2O?

    <p>129 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for the activation of the fatty acid?

    <p>2 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the β-oxidation pathway of palmitoyl CoA?

    <p>7 NADH and 7 FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of the metabolism of certain amino acids?

    <p>Propionyl CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the metabolism of propionyl CoA?

    <p>Carboxylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the coenzyme required for the enzyme propionyl CoA carboxylase?

    <p>Biotin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fatty acids with an odd number of carbons are metabolized by which reaction steps?

    <p>The same reaction steps as fatty acids with an even number of carbons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the metabolism of propionyl CoA?

    <p>D-methylmalonyl CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving HMG CoA to produce acetoacetate and acetyl CoA?

    <p>HMG CoA lyase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is a volatile, biologically nonmetabolized product that can be released in the breath?

    <p>Acetone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the equilibrium between acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate?

    <p>NAD+/NADH ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During fatty acid oxidation, which ketone body synthesis is favored due to a low NAD+/NADH ratio?

    <p>3-Hydroxybutyrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which product is actively removed by its conversion to two acetyl CoAs in ketolysis?

    <p>Acetoacetyl CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme oxidizes 3-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate?

    <p>3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During fasting, what role do ketone bodies play in the body?

    <p>Provide energy to peripheral tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme provides acetoacetate with a CoA molecule taken from succinyl CoA?

    <p>Thiophorase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is produced when serine is combined with PA?

    <p>phosphatidylserine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cardiolipin composed of?

    <p>Two molecules of PA esterified with glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is cardiolipin predominantly found in eukaryotes?

    <p>Inner mitochondrial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a plasmalogen?

    <p>A glycerophospholipid with an unsaturated alkyl group at carbon 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue has an abundance of phosphatidalethanolamine?

    <p>Nerve tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the backbone of sphingomyelin?

    <p>Sphingosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which constituent of nerve fibers is sphingomyelin particularly important for?

    <p>Myelin sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of linkage attaches a long-chain fatty acid to sphingosine in sphingomyelin?

    <p>Amide linkage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser