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Questions and Answers
What is the yield from the complete oxidation of fatty acids to CO2 and H2O?
What is the yield from the complete oxidation of fatty acids to CO2 and H2O?
- 12 kcal/g fat
- 10 kcal/g fat
- 7 kcal/g fat
- 9 kcal/g fat (correct)
What is the first step in the mobilization of stored fat?
What is the first step in the mobilization of stored fat?
- Hydrolytic release of fatty acids and glycerol from TAG (correct)
- Phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase
- Activation of protein kinase A
- Release of fatty acids from TAG by lipases
What is the product of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) action?
What is the product of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) action?
- Glycerol
- Diacylglycerol
- Triacylglycerol
- Monoacylglycerol (correct)
What is required for hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) to be active?
What is required for hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) to be active?
What happens to hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in the presence of high plasma levels of insulin?
What happens to hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in the presence of high plasma levels of insulin?
What happens to glycerol released during TAG degradation in adipocytes?
What happens to glycerol released during TAG degradation in adipocytes?
What is the purpose of perilipin phosphorylation by PKA?
What is the purpose of perilipin phosphorylation by PKA?
What is the role of adenylyl cyclase in the regulation of hormone-sensitive lipase?
What is the role of adenylyl cyclase in the regulation of hormone-sensitive lipase?
What is the function of glycerol 3-phosphate in TAG synthesis?
What is the function of glycerol 3-phosphate in TAG synthesis?
Where is glycerol 3-phosphate primarily produced in the body?
Where is glycerol 3-phosphate primarily produced in the body?
What is the purpose of activating a free fatty acid?
What is the purpose of activating a free fatty acid?
What is the primary energy reserve of the body?
What is the primary energy reserve of the body?
In which type of cells are TAGs primarily stored?
In which type of cells are TAGs primarily stored?
What is the purpose of the glucose transporter in adipocytes?
What is the purpose of the glucose transporter in adipocytes?
What happens to TAGs when they are stored in adipose tissue?
What happens to TAGs when they are stored in adipose tissue?
What is the function of fatty acyl CoA synthetases?
What is the function of fatty acyl CoA synthetases?
What is the energy yield from the oxidation of a molecule of palmitoyl CoA to CO2 and H2O?
What is the energy yield from the oxidation of a molecule of palmitoyl CoA to CO2 and H2O?
What is required for the activation of the fatty acid?
What is required for the activation of the fatty acid?
What is the product of the β-oxidation pathway of palmitoyl CoA?
What is the product of the β-oxidation pathway of palmitoyl CoA?
What is the byproduct of the metabolism of certain amino acids?
What is the byproduct of the metabolism of certain amino acids?
What is the first step in the metabolism of propionyl CoA?
What is the first step in the metabolism of propionyl CoA?
What is the coenzyme required for the enzyme propionyl CoA carboxylase?
What is the coenzyme required for the enzyme propionyl CoA carboxylase?
Fatty acids with an odd number of carbons are metabolized by which reaction steps?
Fatty acids with an odd number of carbons are metabolized by which reaction steps?
What is the product of the metabolism of propionyl CoA?
What is the product of the metabolism of propionyl CoA?
Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving HMG CoA to produce acetoacetate and acetyl CoA?
Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving HMG CoA to produce acetoacetate and acetyl CoA?
Which compound is a volatile, biologically nonmetabolized product that can be released in the breath?
Which compound is a volatile, biologically nonmetabolized product that can be released in the breath?
What determines the equilibrium between acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate?
What determines the equilibrium between acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate?
During fatty acid oxidation, which ketone body synthesis is favored due to a low NAD+/NADH ratio?
During fatty acid oxidation, which ketone body synthesis is favored due to a low NAD+/NADH ratio?
Which product is actively removed by its conversion to two acetyl CoAs in ketolysis?
Which product is actively removed by its conversion to two acetyl CoAs in ketolysis?
Which enzyme oxidizes 3-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate?
Which enzyme oxidizes 3-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate?
During fasting, what role do ketone bodies play in the body?
During fasting, what role do ketone bodies play in the body?
Which enzyme provides acetoacetate with a CoA molecule taken from succinyl CoA?
Which enzyme provides acetoacetate with a CoA molecule taken from succinyl CoA?
Which molecule is produced when serine is combined with PA?
Which molecule is produced when serine is combined with PA?
What is cardiolipin composed of?
What is cardiolipin composed of?
Where is cardiolipin predominantly found in eukaryotes?
Where is cardiolipin predominantly found in eukaryotes?
What defines a plasmalogen?
What defines a plasmalogen?
Which tissue has an abundance of phosphatidalethanolamine?
Which tissue has an abundance of phosphatidalethanolamine?
What forms the backbone of sphingomyelin?
What forms the backbone of sphingomyelin?
Which constituent of nerve fibers is sphingomyelin particularly important for?
Which constituent of nerve fibers is sphingomyelin particularly important for?
What type of linkage attaches a long-chain fatty acid to sphingosine in sphingomyelin?
What type of linkage attaches a long-chain fatty acid to sphingosine in sphingomyelin?
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