Trends vs. Fads

Trends

• A directed movement implies a change in behavior, not necessarily about popularity
• Change can be horizontal or vertical
• Trends sustain themselves over a longer period
• Supposed to be trending

Fads

• Something people are highly interested in for a short period of time
• Don't last long and decline once popularity wanes
• Popular at only a specific point in time

Elements of Trends and Fads

Appeal

• The degree of attraction of a fad or trend to people
• Trends and fads are easy to get into and don't deviate from the status quo

Result

• Ability of the phenomenon to sustain itself long-term
• A trend endures without publicity and can sustain itself
• A fad dies when buzz or popularity fades

Scope

• The extent of influence of a phenomenon
• Trends have the ability to affect the behavior of many people
• Fads only affect a limited number of people

Support

• The structure that allows phenomena to be sustainable
• Trends are supported by established factors and a defined starting point
• Fads lack clear support and emerge randomly

Sustainability

• The length of time a trend or fad can exist
• Trends are sustained for the long-term and measured in months or years
• Fads are sustained short-term and measured in days or weeks

Value

• Utility or degree of usefulness from a trend or fad
• Trends are extensively useful and can affect many aspects of society
• Fads are only useful to a small number of people.

Emergence of Trend

• Pattern recognition is the cognitive process matching info from a stimulus with information retrieved from memory
• Recognizing patterns or repeating behavior requires the key capacity

Observation

• Recognition of a phenomenon begins with observation and initial categorization
• Questions to ask include does it have support, is it popular and can elements of trends be applied

Commitment to Memory

• Involves categorizing the phenomenon

Analysis

• Examines how the phenomenon relates to different aspects of society

Result

• Achieved at either the endpoint or through full understanding

Influences of Trends

• Society and its aspects are affected by trends

Societal Factors

• shape behavior, value structure of community, or society
• These include culture, politics, technology and environment

Theories

• John Locke: claims it is through experience that one is able to recognize different phenomena

What is Politics

• Democracy: originating from the Greek words 'demos' and 'kratein', means power/rule of the people

Basic Rights and Freedoms

• Implies that all citizens can be afforded basic rights and freedoms
• Ensured through human, civil, and social rights

Full Suffrage

• Grants every citizen the right to participate in the democratic process upon reaching legal age
• Everyone has an equal voice, regardless of context

Freedom of Speech

• Guarantees the ability to voice opinions without retaliation
• Freedom of press is implied to present factual information

Pluralism

• A system allowing for varied beliefs, advocacies, and opinions
• The freedom of expression is the basis of pluralism
• Incorporates religions, beliefs, ideologies, and political groups

Trends in Democracy

• Directed movements implying a change in a democracy.

Equality

• Changes in how people are viewed as equal within a democracy
• Examined by relating economy and technology's aid to equality for processes

Representation

• Any change to the representation level of different people within a democratic system
• Not limited to equal representation, but the fact that there is representation
• Examples in how politicians are part of minority groups are elected and how members of a majority are elected

What is ICT

Information Communications Technology

• Technology that helps in interacting with information through electronic means
• Refers to electronic means of communication, like electronic devices

Influences of ICT S&D

ICT Infrastructure

• Technologies that interfere and manage communication processes for people.
• Cellular towers connect people from location to location

Education and Income

• Directly affects one's access to ICT and technology availability
• Education and income have to come hand in hand with this technology

Government Regulation

• Government policies relating to ICT either in terms of development, distribution, or the regulation of content like laws
• How the Philippine government actively regulates copyright infringement

The Digital Divide

• The divide is the discrepancy in people's access to, and skills with ICT

Factors

• Geographical location, economy, income, age, government
• Geographical location, economy, income, age, education, race, government support, and many more.

Levels of disparity in digital divide

Global Disparity

• Disparities of ICT use relative to countries

Global disparity in application

• Comparing the United States and the Philippines in terms of internet development

Economic Disparity

• The unequal opportunities for ICT due to socio-economic factors

In application

• Lack of access to proper ICTs for educational uses

Democratic Disparity

• Unequal opportunities to participate in democratic processes due to lack of access to ICT

In Application

• A lack of knowledge and education in ICT usage

ICT and Politics

• Has allowed more people to participate in the democratic process.
• Access to information lets people participate in local governance.
• Interactions with the government became more efficient
• Resulted in the rise of fake news and possibility of fraud

ICT and Economics

• Allowed companies to be more efficient in management
• Allowed entrepreneurship of small businesses.
• Can be used to exploit people, creating illegal profits

ICT and Social

• Families can communicate through online spaces
• Online spaces allow for anonymity and hurtful spaces
• Can be felt regarding short-form content and relationships

ICT & Technology

• Al has made processes more efficient or managerial
• People depend heavily on Al for endeavors

ICT & Legal

• Led to creation of laws and regulations for the safety of people
• Usage of ICT for surveillance

ICT & Education

• Affected educational attainment, efficiency of the teaching process
• Over-reliance can have negative effects
• ICT makes education easily digestible

Mass Media

• Modes of conveying information to the public
• Means in which information is spread to large audience
• Evolved greatly over the years

7 Types of Mass Media

Print

• The longest existing form produced through the printing press
• Books, journals, newspapers etc.

Recording

• Media in which pre-recorded and produced audio is made available to the public
• Began with clay recordings leading mp3 files or platforms

Cinema

• Pre-recorded audio/visuals are available to the public
• Movie theatres became area in which information can be assessed

Radio

• Audio either prerecorded or live is available to the public via streaming format
• News reports, advertisement etc

Television

• Audio and visual either pre-recorded or broad-casted live and is available to the public via broadcasting formats

Internet

• Contraction of "interconnected networks"
• It made mass media available

Mobile phone

• As a mass medium it incorporates almost all single types of mass media
• Available and carried almost all the time

Mass Media and Culture

Culture

• Ranges from the abstract ideals of the individual to the material items of society
• Influences are shaped by beliefs, behaviours, values, and practices of individuals to groups

Relationship

• Media can easily shape the culture of different societies, spreads cultural influences

Influence

• American interest and Spanish traditions solidifies Philippine society due to western influence
• Proximity and trade with eastern countries like China, Indonesia contributed to eastern influence

Theories on Media and Culture

Agenda-setting Theory

• Though Media aren't successful telling the people what to think ,successful telling us what to think about

Cultural Imperialism theory

• "Western nations dominate the media"
• Powerful influences on countries due to dominance which allows them to manipulate the culture

Technological Determinism Theory

• Media Technology shapes how we as individuals in a society think, feel, act and how society operates as it moves from one technological age to another.

Network

• A relationship structure where members of the network shares resources with one another.
• Allows information and resources
• trends can grow and sustain based on networks

Node

• Individual point within a network

Linkage

• The connection/ link between 2 entities within a network, 2 entities only

Social Capital

• Relationship network that allows functioning society done in a common goal
• Individuals share their norms to help society

Categories of Social Capital

Bond

• A link to others based on common identity
• Such bonds are seen in family, close friends etc.

Bridge

• A link to others that is beyond one's common identity
• Links formed to people outside of bonds made with other individuals

Linkage

• A link to people or groups either down or up the social ladder
• Connection of the individual to hierarchical position

Human Personal Social Network

• A network that is extended outside of the self and yet has individual as a center

Local Network

• A network that extends outside of individuals and their own human-social network where connects the individual to the much larger and local society

Types of local networks!

Family

• Foundation of the nation is based upon family said in 1987 constitution
• Legally;A family is limited to the concept of marriage but can very often determined as individual

Local community

• You meet people out of family
• You get a sense of community where learn new experiences that nurtured the family

Globalization

• Growing interdependence of countries due to economies,culture and population
• Continuous trends and transmissions between countries
• Relationship with humans results in implications of ecosystem

Globalization & the Philippines

Culture

• Both transmissions of Western and Eastern values culture that similarities with languages and material

Economics

• Heavily dependent on labor industry resulting in increased returns of Its economy

Politics

• Shaped by other countries with shape politics and affect local shapes

Effects of Globalization on Politics

Interconnectedness

• Leads to interconnectedness between international organization, diplomatic relations

Organizations

• Created treaties that involving nations to work in issues

Goals

• Nurture international relations or security

Relationships

• Relations between political entities purpose of peaceful settlements
• Key towards modern disputes

Economic

• Trade relations began paving the development of political entities
• World relations were interdependence world economy to its economic factors

Global supply chain

Outsourcing-

Globalization and Culture, trade that creates cultural transmissions with many countries that is due to cultural transmissions