Treaty of Paris & Intolerable Acts

• The Treaty of Paris was signed on September 3, 1783.
• The treaty was based on a preliminary treaty signed in 1782.
• Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay negotiated the treaty for the United States.
• David Hartley negotiated the treaty for Great Britain.
• The treaty recognized United States independence.
• It granted the U.S. a large amount of western territory.
• The treaty established the borders of the new nation.
• It also established peace between Great Britain, France, Spain, and the Netherlands.

Intolerable Acts

• Boston Port Act: Closed Boston Harbor to trade and commerce.
• Massachusetts Government Act: Replaced elected local government with appointed officials and increased the military governor's power.
• Administration of Justice Act: Allowed British officials charged with capital offenses to be tried elsewhere.
• Quartering Act: Allowed the requisition of unoccupied buildings to house British troops.
• Quebec Act: Passed at the same time, and caused similar outrage, though not directly related to the Boston Tea Party.

Battles of Saratoga

• The Battles of Saratoga occurred on September 19 and October 7, 1777.
• They marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign in the early phase of the American Revolutionary War.
• The battles resulted in a decisive American victory over British forces led by General John Burgoyne.
• Resulting in France entering the war as an American ally.

First Continental Congress

• The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from 12 of the 13 American colonies.
• It was held in Philadelphia from September 5 to October 26, 1774.
• It addressed colonial grievances against British rule, particularly the Intolerable Acts.
• It coordinated a unified response.
• The Congress established the Continental Army.
• George Washington was appointed as Commander-in-Chief.
• The Congress drafted the Declaration of Independence, adopted on July 4, 1776.
• The Congress drafted the Articles of Confederation, which established the United States government until 1788.
• The Congress allied with France.
• The Congress sent the Olive Branch Petition to King George III in hopes of avoiding war.

Quebec Act

• The Quebec Act was a British law in 1774.
• It expanded Quebec's borders.
• It protected Catholic rights.
• It preserved French laws. Some English influences remained.