Treatment of Tuberculosis in the Past
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What was the common practice for treating tuberculosis patients in the past?

  • Isolating patients and managing them with streptomycin for 6 months (correct)
  • Treating patients with a combination of antibiotics and homeopathic remedies
  • Isolating patients and managing them with streptomycin for 3 months
  • Treating patients with a single dose of antibiotic followed by a period of observation

    • Why is it necessary for family members to take prophylactic therapy if the patient decides to be treated at home?

  • To prevent the spread of tuberculosis to other family members (correct)
  • To enhance the effectiveness of the treatment regimen
  • To reduce the risk of toxicity from the antimycobacterial drugs
  • To shorten the duration of treatment

    • What is the primary reason for frequent monitoring of patients during treatment?

  • To check for toxicity from the antimycobacterial drugs
  • To ensure patient compliance with the treatment regimen
  • To detect the development of resistance to the treatment regimen
  • To monitor the patient's response to treatment (correct)

    • What is the typical duration of treatment regimens for tuberculosis?

    <p>6, 9, and 12 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a patient's culture remains positive after 6 months of treatment?

    <p>The treatment regimen is modified or an alternative therapeutic program is considered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key principle of tuberculosis therapy?

    <p>Using at least two different drugs to treat the infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of treatment for patients who cannot take pyrazinamide or are shown to be resistant to this agent?

    <p>12 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 4-month regimen of rifampin?

    <p>To prevent latent TB from progressing into active TB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are second-line agents used?

    <p>When there is intolerance to INH or the organism is resistant to the agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of treatment for patients who have a positive PPD but have negative AFB smears or chest x-ray?

    <p>12 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for extending the continuation phase for patients who had cavitary lesions at presentation?

    <p>Because they had active TB at presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 9-month regimen of isoniazid?

    <p>To prevent latent TB from progressing into active TB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose of rifampin for treating tuberculosis in children?

    <p>10 mg/kg given once daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rifabutin is used in tuberculosis-infected HIV patients because it is a

    <p>less potent inducer of CYPs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for bacterial resistance to rifampin?

    <p>Alteration of the target (DNA-dependent RNA polymerase)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of rifapentine over rifampin and rifabutin?

    <p>It allows for once-weekly dosing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should rifampin not be used as a single agent in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis?

    <p>It can lead to the development of bacterial resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rare but serious untoward effect of rifampin?

    <p>Hepatitis and liver failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major concern for not recommending ethambutol to children under 5 years?

    <p>Inability to test their visual acuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual outcome when ethambutol is withdrawn due to optic neuritis?

    <p>Recovery of visual acuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is streptomycin often combined with other compounds during tuberculosis treatment?

    <p>To reduce the rate of resistance to streptomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended route of administration for streptomycin in tuberculosis treatment?

    <p>Intramuscular injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum daily dose of streptomycin for adults in tuberculosis treatment?

    <p>1 g per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of patients that may experience an increased concentration of urate in the blood due to ethambutol therapy?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of taking Ethionamide?

    <p>Gastric irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should Pyrazinamide be avoided in individuals with hepatic dysfunction?

    <p>It can cause hyperuricemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Ethionamide?

    <p>Inhibition of mycolic acid biosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the class of antibiotics that inhibit DNA synthesis?

    <p>Quinolones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for cross-resistance between Isoniazid and Ethionamide?

    <p>They are both activated by the same pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it recommended to take Ethionamide with food?

    <p>To reduce the risk of gastric irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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