Treatment of Tuberculosis in the Past

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What was the common practice for treating tuberculosis patients in the past?

Isolating patients and managing them with streptomycin for 6 months (correct)

Treating patients with a combination of antibiotics and homeopathic remedies

Isolating patients and managing them with streptomycin for 3 months

Treating patients with a single dose of antibiotic followed by a period of observation

Why is it necessary for family members to take prophylactic therapy if the patient decides to be treated at home?

To prevent the spread of tuberculosis to other family members (correct)

To enhance the effectiveness of the treatment regimen

To reduce the risk of toxicity from the antimycobacterial drugs

To shorten the duration of treatment

What is the primary reason for frequent monitoring of patients during treatment?

To check for toxicity from the antimycobacterial drugs

To ensure patient compliance with the treatment regimen

To detect the development of resistance to the treatment regimen

To monitor the patient's response to treatment (correct)

What is the typical duration of treatment regimens for tuberculosis?

6, 9, and 12 months Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a patient's culture remains positive after 6 months of treatment?

The treatment regimen is modified or an alternative therapeutic program is considered Signup and view all the answers

What is a key principle of tuberculosis therapy?

Using at least two different drugs to treat the infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of treatment for patients who cannot take pyrazinamide or are shown to be resistant to this agent?

12 months Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 4-month regimen of rifampin?

To prevent latent TB from progressing into active TB Signup and view all the answers

Why are second-line agents used?

When there is intolerance to INH or the organism is resistant to the agent Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of treatment for patients who have a positive PPD but have negative AFB smears or chest x-ray?

12 months Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for extending the continuation phase for patients who had cavitary lesions at presentation?

Because they had active TB at presentation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 9-month regimen of isoniazid?

To prevent latent TB from progressing into active TB Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dose of rifampin for treating tuberculosis in children?

10 mg/kg given once daily Signup and view all the answers

Rifabutin is used in tuberculosis-infected HIV patients because it is a

less potent inducer of CYPs Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for bacterial resistance to rifampin?

Alteration of the target (DNA-dependent RNA polymerase) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of rifapentine over rifampin and rifabutin?

It allows for once-weekly dosing Signup and view all the answers

Why should rifampin not be used as a single agent in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis?

It can lead to the development of bacterial resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare but serious untoward effect of rifampin?

Hepatitis and liver failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the major concern for not recommending ethambutol to children under 5 years?

Inability to test their visual acuity Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual outcome when ethambutol is withdrawn due to optic neuritis?

Recovery of visual acuity Signup and view all the answers

Why is streptomycin often combined with other compounds during tuberculosis treatment?

To reduce the rate of resistance to streptomycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended route of administration for streptomycin in tuberculosis treatment?

Intramuscular injection Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum daily dose of streptomycin for adults in tuberculosis treatment?

1 g per day Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of patients that may experience an increased concentration of urate in the blood due to ethambutol therapy?

50% Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of taking Ethionamide?

Gastric irritation Signup and view all the answers

Why should Pyrazinamide be avoided in individuals with hepatic dysfunction?

It can cause hyperuricemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Ethionamide?

Inhibition of mycolic acid biosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the class of antibiotics that inhibit DNA synthesis?

Quinolones Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for cross-resistance between Isoniazid and Ethionamide?

They are both activated by the same pathway Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to take Ethionamide with food?

To reduce the risk of gastric irritation Signup and view all the answers