Treatment of Nephroliths and Ureteroliths
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Questions and Answers

What is a potential complication of ureteral stent placement in dogs?

  • Ureteral stricture
  • Stent mineralization (correct)
  • Ureteral perforation
  • All of the above

What is the primary method of ureteral stent placement in female dogs?

  • Open cystotomy
  • Temporary perineal access
  • Laparoscopic-assisted cystostomy
  • Retrograde via cystoscopy (correct)

What is the primary purpose of ureteral stent placement in dogs?

  • To bypass the ureteral obstruction (correct)
  • To promote passive ureteral dilation
  • To remove the ureterolith
  • To induce struvite ureteroliths

In which type of ureteroliths can the stone sometimes pass around the ureteral stent?

<p>Infection-induced ureteroliths (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for ureterotomy in cats?

<p>Microsurgical experience (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administration of antibiotics and feeding a dissolution diet in dogs with infection-induced struvite ureteroliths?

<p>To dissolve the ureterolith (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of nephroliths are not amenable to dissolution?

<p>Calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate nephroliths (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of open surgical option, bisection nephrotomy, in treating nephroliths?

<p>It is challenging to completely remove nephroliths (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of placing a ureteral stent in the treatment of ureteroliths?

<p>To facilitate medical dissolution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of percutaneous nephrolithomy (PCNL) in treating nephroliths?

<p>It is used to remove large staghorn nephroliths (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential complication of ureterotomy in dogs?

<p>A number of potential complications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) in treating nephroliths?

<p>To break down nephroliths into smaller fragments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred treatment for dogs with highly recurrent nephroliths?

<p>Repeated SWL treatments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is medical management of ureteral obstruction not recommended?

<p>When there is evidence of complete obstruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of subcutaneous ureteral bypass over ureteral stents?

<p>It can be flushed to remove occlusions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of repeated SWL treatments in dogs with highly recurrent nephroliths?

<p>Successful treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering alpha-adrenergic antagonists in medical management of ureteral obstruction?

<p>To facilitate ureteral relaxation and passage of ureteroliths (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common complication associated with subcutaneous ureteral bypass placement?

<p>Leakage or kinking of the tubing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) in dogs?

<p>To fragment and remove uroliths (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor mentioned for successful SWL treatment in dogs?

<p>Fragmentation of uroliths into small fragments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of dogs required more than one SWL treatment for complete fragmentation of their nephroliths?

<p>30% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the success rate of SWL treatment for dogs with obstructed ureteroliths?

<p>76% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for ureterorenoscopy using flexible digital ureteroscope in dogs after the ureter dilates from the ureteral stent?

<p>Passive dilation of ureter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the veterinary imaging technique that is often used for managing complicated nephrolithiasis in animals?

<p>CT scan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which publication provides consensus recommendations on the treatment and prevention of uroliths in dogs and cats?

<p>ACVIM Small Animal Consensus Recommendations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which veterinary technique involves the use of shock waves for treating nephrolithiasis and ureterolithiasis in animals?

<p>Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the study focusing on cats, what was the primary method used for treating benign ureteral obstruction?

<p>Subcutaneous ureteral bypass device (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a technique used to prevent the passage of kidney or ureter stones in cats by providing support to the ureter walls?

<p>Ureteral stenting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging technique is often employed for guiding interventions in veterinary medicine?

<p>Fluoroscopy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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