30 Questions
What is the most common type of upper tract uroliths in cats?
Calcium oxalate
Which type of bacteria is commonly associated with infection-induced struvite nephroliths in dogs?
Proteus
What is the percentage of lower tract uroliths in cats that have nephroliths?
1-2%
What is the composition of dried solidified blood uroliths in cats?
Less than 1% mineral, 99% matrix
What is the location of incidental nephroliths in dogs that do not require treatment?
Either kidney, as long as they are not complicated by UTI or obstruction
What is the second most common type of nephroliths in dogs?
Urate, particularly in PSS breeds
What is the recommended duration for antibiotic therapy in cases of urolith dissolution?
For the entire duration of urolith dissolution
What is the pH of the F/S Shih tzu's urine?
8.0
What is the primary goal of therapeutic maintenance foods in preventing sterile struvite uroliths?
To reduce the magnesium and phosphorus levels in the urine
What is the recommended size of ureteral stents for cats?
2.2 Fr feline stent
What is the primary goal of ureteral stenting in the treatment of pyonephrosis?
To alleviate obstructive struvite ureteroliths
What is the primary purpose of ureteral stents in the treatment of uroliths?
To facilitate the passage of the urolith
What is a common complication observed in dogs undergoing treatment for struvite uroliths?
Thrombocytopenia
What is the recommended treatment approach for struvite bladder uroliths, according to the provided text?
Medical dissolution is the primary treatment, unless specific criteria are met
What is the recommended approach to preventing infection-induced struvite uroliths?
Controlling urinary tract infections
What is the recommended follow-up period for rechecking after ureteral stent placement?
6 weeks
What is the typical timeframe for sterile struvite uroliths to dissolve in both dogs and cats?
Less than 4 weeks
What is the advantage of medical dissolution of struvite uroliths compared to surgery?
It avoids the risks and complications of anesthesia and surgery
What was the primary reason for referring Penny to a surgeon?
To remove the right kidney due to obstructive ureterolith
What is the most likely composition of Penny's urolith based on her signalment?
Calcium oxalate
What is the significance of Penny's urinalysis result pH 8.0?
It indicates the presence of Struvite urolith
What is the likely cause of Penny's thrombocytopenia?
Infection with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
What is the name of the procedure that was not performed on Penny?
Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
What is the name of the bacterial species isolated from Penny's urine culture?
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
What is the primary reason for not recommending therapeutic diets to prevent recurrence of infection-induced struvite uroliths?
Because the diets do not increase the solubility of struvite
What is the purpose of diagnosing and eliminating structural and functional risk factors for UTI?
To prevent the recurrence of bacterial infections
What is the primary purpose of ureteral stents in the treatment of uroliths?
To facilitate the passage of uroliths
What is the primary advantage of laser lithotripsy over extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy?
It is more effective for cystoliths and urethroliths
What is the most common complication of SWL in dogs?
Transient AKI with dry lithotripter
What is the definition of success in the follow-up evaluation of SWL treatment?
Stone-free, CIRF, or resolution of UTI post SWL
Learn about the composition of nephroliths and ureteroliths in dogs and cats, including the most common types such as calcium oxalate and struvite. Explore how infection can induce struvite nephroliths in dogs with pyelonephritis caused by urease-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus and Proteus.
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