Nephroliths and Ureteroliths in Dogs and Cats
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common type of upper tract uroliths in cats?

  • Struvite
  • Cystine
  • Urate
  • Calcium oxalate (correct)

    • Which type of bacteria is commonly associated with infection-induced struvite nephroliths in dogs?

  • E. coli
  • Staphylococcus
  • Proteus (correct)
  • Klebsiella

    • What is the percentage of lower tract uroliths in cats that have nephroliths?

  • 10-15%
  • 20-25%
  • 5-10%
  • 1-2% (correct)

    • What is the composition of dried solidified blood uroliths in cats?

    <p>Less than 1% mineral, 99% matrix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of incidental nephroliths in dogs that do not require treatment?

    <p>Either kidney, as long as they are not complicated by UTI or obstruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second most common type of nephroliths in dogs?

    <p>Urate, particularly in PSS breeds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration for antibiotic therapy in cases of urolith dissolution?

    <p>For the entire duration of urolith dissolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH of the F/S Shih tzu's urine?

    <p>8.0 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of therapeutic maintenance foods in preventing sterile struvite uroliths?

    <p>To reduce the magnesium and phosphorus levels in the urine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended size of ureteral stents for cats?

    <p>2.2 Fr feline stent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of ureteral stenting in the treatment of pyonephrosis?

    <p>To alleviate obstructive struvite ureteroliths (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of ureteral stents in the treatment of uroliths?

    <p>To facilitate the passage of the urolith (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication observed in dogs undergoing treatment for struvite uroliths?

    <p>Thrombocytopenia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment approach for struvite bladder uroliths, according to the provided text?

    <p>Medical dissolution is the primary treatment, unless specific criteria are met (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach to preventing infection-induced struvite uroliths?

    <p>Controlling urinary tract infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended follow-up period for rechecking after ureteral stent placement?

    <p>6 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical timeframe for sterile struvite uroliths to dissolve in both dogs and cats?

    <p>Less than 4 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of medical dissolution of struvite uroliths compared to surgery?

    <p>It avoids the risks and complications of anesthesia and surgery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for referring Penny to a surgeon?

    <p>To remove the right kidney due to obstructive ureterolith (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely composition of Penny's urolith based on her signalment?

    <p>Calcium oxalate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Penny's urinalysis result pH 8.0?

    <p>It indicates the presence of Struvite urolith (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely cause of Penny's thrombocytopenia?

    <p>Infection with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the procedure that was not performed on Penny?

    <p>Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bacterial species isolated from Penny's urine culture?

    <p>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for not recommending therapeutic diets to prevent recurrence of infection-induced struvite uroliths?

    <p>Because the diets do not increase the solubility of struvite (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of diagnosing and eliminating structural and functional risk factors for UTI?

    <p>To prevent the recurrence of bacterial infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of ureteral stents in the treatment of uroliths?

    <p>To facilitate the passage of uroliths (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of laser lithotripsy over extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy?

    <p>It is more effective for cystoliths and urethroliths (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common complication of SWL in dogs?

    <p>Transient AKI with dry lithotripter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of success in the follow-up evaluation of SWL treatment?

    <p>Stone-free, CIRF, or resolution of UTI post SWL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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